552 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



The nasal index ranged in nine males from 39 '6 to 49, and the mean was 44*9. With 

 two exceptions the whole series was leptorhine, or with a long and narrow nose. The 

 mean of two females was 48 "9. The floor of the nose was separated from the incisive 

 region by a well-defined and often a sharp ridge of bone. 



The orbits were large, and a mean index of 85.5 was obtained in nine males, the varia- 

 tions being from 80 to 87 '5. Two specimens only were microseme and seven were meso- 

 seme. The two females were respectively 89 '5 and 78"9. 



The relative length and breadth of the palato-alveolar arch varied materially in those 

 specimens which were sufficiently perfect to allow of the arch to be measured. Of eight 

 male skulls three were dolichuranic, one was brachyuranic, two were hyperbrachyuranic, 

 and two were mesuranic : collectively they gave a mesuranic mean 113 "9, although a 

 minority only of the specimens were in this group. Two female crania in which the 

 arch was complete were mesuranic. 



Either the absence of the lower jaw or the injured zygomatic arches prevented the 

 proportions of length and breadth of the entire face from being taken, but in four 

 specimens the length of the upper jaw was compared with the interzygomatic breadth 

 and a mean maxillo-facial index 55"1 was computed ; the face was therefore leptoprosopic. 



b. In the collection belonging to the Henderson Trust are two normal skulls from 

 the Abbey Church of Dunfermline, in the west of Fife, measurements of which are given 

 in Table I., and they are distinguished by the letter D. 



One of these skulls was a male aged apparently about 50. It was well 

 proportioned, distinctly dolichocephalic, 71 "6, and of unusually large cranial 

 capacity, 1700 c.c. In its general configuration it bore some resemblance to the 

 cast of the skull ascribed to King Robert the Bruce, and indeed was identical 

 with that cast in the glabello -occipital diameter; but its transverse diameter was not so 

 great by several millimetres, and it differed also in some other characters and dimensions. 

 It gave one the impression of having belonged to a man of power and capacity. It is 

 marked H.T. 578 D. in Table I., and is figured in PI. I., fig. 1, 2, 3. From the measure- 

 ments it will be seen that the height of the cranium, 141 mm., though one of the most 

 lofty of the series, was 3 mm. less than the parieto-squamous diameter. As the glabello- 

 occipital length was 201 mm., it is one of the longest crania examined in the series, 

 and the horizontal circumference was considerably above the average. In the norma 

 verticalis the cranium was ovoid, and the lateral walls were wider in the region of the 

 squamous sutures than opposite the parietal eminences. The vertex had not so flat 

 a transverse arc as in the series M, and the upper parietal region sloped a little more 

 abruptly outwards to the parietal eminences, which were not prominent ; there was no 

 sagittal ridge. The occipital squama projected distinctly behind the inion and superior 

 curved line. The glabella and supraorbital ridges were distinct, and the frontal bone 

 sloped backwards and upwards. The skull was cryptozygous and rested behind on the 

 cerebellar fossae of the occipital bone. The bridge of the nose was not specially pro- 

 mineut : the nose was strongly leptorhine. The orbit was only 2 mm. wider than 



