CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 553 



high. Though the breadth of the face was considerable, its vertical diameter was so 

 pronounced, owing to a well-developed lower jaw and an unusual vertical diameter of 

 the superior maxillse, that the complete index 97 was hyperleptoprosopic. The majority 

 of the teeth were in place, not decayed and comparatively little worn. The hard palate 

 had considerable depth. The gnathic index was in the lower mesognathic group. There 

 were no special modifications in ossification, except that the right posterior condyloid 

 foramen was unusually large, and tunnelled forwards so as to open into the jugular 

 foramen. The left posterior condyloid foramen was absent. 



The other skull from Dunfermline, H.T. 582 D., was wanting in the facial bones. It 

 was evidently an adult female. It was elongated ovoid in shape, with a length- 

 breadth index of 727, and in it the basi-bregmatic height was so much greater than 

 the parieto-squamous breadth, that the vertical index was distinctly more than the 

 cephalic. The parietal longitudinal arc was considerably longer than either the 

 frontal or occipital. The cranium was not flattened at the vertex, and sloped steeply 

 downwards from the sagittal ridge to the parietal eminences, below which the side walls 

 were vertical. The glabella was feeble, the forehead was almost vertical. The parieto- 

 occipital slope was gradual : the occipital squama was rounded, and projected behind the 

 inion. There were no Wormian or epipteric bones. 



East Lothian. Table II. 



The skulls from East Lothian were obtained from three localities. 



a. The larger number were procured in the course of extensive alterations connected 

 with remodelling the interior of the nave of an old abbey church in the landward part of 

 the county. The pavement and about 18 inches to 2 feet of earth were removed, and 

 the bones were found principally at the bases of the pillars which supported the roof of 

 the nave, and beneath where the pulpit stood. "Without doubt they belonged to 

 the better classes in the parish. It is said that the last interment within the nave was 

 in 1795. 



Thirteen skulls were collected, several of which were injured either in the cranium 

 or face, and in none did the lower jaw accompany the skull. They were apparently ten 

 males and three females. In only four specimens were the facial bones sufficiently entire 

 to enable me to take the face measurements. In several the foramen magnum was so 

 injured that the height of the cranium could not be taken. Two specimens were 

 metopic. In five the sutures of the cranial vault were very distinct ; but in the other 

 crania they were in process of obliteration, so much so in two cases that the persons 

 were obviously advanced in years. The teeth, as a rule, were lost ; in one specimen 

 they were flattened from use ; in another they were not much worn. In at least two 

 skulls the crania were obliquely distorted, as if from post-mortem pressure. The measure- 

 ments of the crania are given in Table II., and the skulls are distinguished by the initial 

 letter H. 



