556 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



had a third occipital condyle or paroccipital process, but in two crania the under surface 

 of the jugal process was tuberculated. In one specimen an infraorbital suture was 

 visible. 



The length-breadth or cephalic index ranged in thirteen skulls from 86*3 to 72*2 ; 

 six crania were upwards of 80, two being hyperbracbycephalic ; three were between 78*3 

 and 79'1, approaching brachy cephalic ; two were 76 '4 and 76*1 respectively, two had the 

 index below 75 and were dolichocephalic. The mean length-breadth index of the series 

 of skulls was 797, i.e., approximately brachy cephalic. 



The length-height or vertical index could be taken in only six crania. In five males 

 it ranged from 72*4 to 65*8, the mean of the series being 717. In no skull was the 

 basi-bregmatic diameter equal to the parieto-squamous in the same specimen ; but in 

 one male the breadth only exceeded the height by 2 mm.; the cephalic index was 

 always greater than the vertical index. 



The projection of the upper jaw, as estimated by the gnathic index, ranged in 

 the four males that could be measured from 103'2 to 96, and the mean was 98*8 ; 

 the mean was mesognathous ; in a female skull it was 103*2, barely prognathous. 

 In one specimen the nasal height was short and the nares wide, so as to give the platy- 

 rhine index 55*3, but three other specimens had. a mean leptorhine index 44. The 

 orbital index of two males placed them in the megaseme class with the orbits high in 

 relation to the width, whilst in two others the index was microseme, the width being 

 proportionally greater than the height. 



The palato-alveolar index had in the four skulls measured a considerable range 

 of variation; two specimens were dolichuranic, one mesuranic, and one brachyuranic ; 

 the mean of the series, 109*4, was dolichuranic. 



The absence of the lower jaw prevented one from taking the complete facial index, 

 but in each of the four specimens the maxillo-facial index was leptoprosopic, and the 

 mean of the series was 53*9. 



Owing to injury to the cranial box, the internal capacity could only be taken in 

 one specimen, 1305 c.c. 



b. North Berwick. — Two crania from North Berwick are in the collection of the 

 Henderson Trust. They were found in the old churchyard nearly fifty years ago, 

 and are referred to in the Prehistoric Annals of Scotland * In both the facial bones had 

 been broken away. They were from persons well advanced in life, and the sutures of 

 the cranial vault had almost disappeared in the outer table. One was much larger than 

 the other, and was obviously a male. It was a good example of a well-filled skull. The 

 forehead was capacious, and the frontal suture had not quite disappeared. The vertex 

 was flattened, and the descent from the obelion to the occipital squama was abrupt, but 

 without evidence of parieto-occipital flattening. The skull was essentially brachy- 

 cephalic, though the index, 79*8, was fractionally below the lower limit which custom 



* 1st edition, p. 175, 1851. 



