558 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



Two skulls from villages on the northern slope of the Pentlands are marked B and C in 

 the same Table. Four skulls from Lasswade, marked L in this Table, have been for a 

 number of years in the collection of the Henderson Trust. 



The nine skulls marked E, B, and C are from late interments, and 1 have little 

 doubt are fairly representative of the country people of the western part of the county. 

 I propose to look at them as a group. They were apparently eight males and one aged 

 female. The sex of some of the persons was known to my correspondent from whom I 

 obtained the specimens. The lower jaw was present in four skulls. Three crania were 

 metopic. In five specimens, including the old female, the sutures were in process of 

 being obliterated. The woman's skull was edentulous, and the measurements of the 

 lower jaw, when compared with those in which the teeth were mostly present, show the 

 effect produced by absorption of the alveolar border. In two specimens the teeth were 

 much worn from use, in others they were much decayed ; but in two the cusps of the 

 molars were distinct. 



Norma verticalis. — Four skulls were broadly ovoid, but the others were longer in re- 

 lation to the breadth. Thev were all well filled, the transverse arc at the vertex was 

 low and rounded, and there was no sagittal keel or ridge. In one a sagittal vertical 

 transverse constriction was behind the coronal suture. In two metopic specimens the 

 parietal and frontal eminences were prominent. The skulls were cryptozygous. The 

 interzygomatic diameter exceeded the intermalar, Stephanie and asterionic ; the 

 Stephanie diameter exceeded the asterionic, but in three cases by only 2, 3 and 4 mm. 

 respectively. The side walls were not vertical, and the maximum transverse diameter, 

 except in one metopic skull, was in the region of the squamous suture. 



Norma lateralis. — The forehead in most of the skulls had only a slight slope back- 

 wards, and the glabella and supraorbital ridges were moderately prominent. One of the 

 three metopic crania had the widest minimum frontal diameter in the group ; another 

 was the third, and another the fourth in width in the same region. Owing to the flat- 

 tening at the summit of the skull the antero-posterior curve of the vertex was moderate ; 

 the parieto-occipital region did not slope steeply downwards, though in some skulls it 

 was a little more abrupt than in others : in a few crania the occipital squama did not 

 project much behind the inion. The skulls rested behind on the conceptacula cerebelli, 

 and in no specimen did the mastoids touch the table. The nasal bones were well formed, 

 and with the bridge prominent and slightly concave. The maxillo-nasal spine was well 

 marked, and the nasal floor was separated by a sharp ridge from the incisive region of 

 the jaw. The maximum longitudinal arc in the males was 397 mm., the minimum 

 371, and the mean was 382'1 mm. The occipital arc, except in two skulls, was shorter 

 than either the frontal or parietal. In four males the frontal arc was shorter than the 

 parietal; in four the reverse was seen. The maximum basi-nasal diameter was 105 

 mm., the minimum 96, and the mean of seven males was 101. 



The maximum transverse diameter was 155 mm., the minimum 136 mm., and the 

 mean was 143'9 mm. The maximum glabello-occipital length was 194 mm., the 





