560 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



minimum 181, and the mean of the seven male skulls was 187*8. The basi-bregmatic 

 height ranged in the males from 144 to 127 mm., and the mean of the series was 

 134*4 mm. The horizontal circumference had a maximum 553 mm., a minimum 522, 

 and the mean was 534*3 mm. The maximum vertical transverse circumference was 

 463 mm., the minimum 419, and the mean 436*9 mm. The maximum total 

 longitudinal circumference was 536 mm., the minimum 504, and the mean 519*2. 

 The intra-cranial capacity ranged in the males from 1590 to 1420 cub. cent., and the 

 mean was 1431 cub. cent. The crania were, with two exceptions, in the megacephalic 

 group. The only female skull, like two of the males, was mesocephalic in its capacity. 



Few individual peculiarities were seen in these skulls. Two skulls had each a right 

 epipteric bone and one a left : in one of the metopic skulls the right squamous-temporal 

 just touched the frontal ; in another skull the alis}jhenoid had a narrow articulation 

 with the parietal. Small Wormian bones were present in three crania in the lambdoidal 

 suture. There was no condylus tertius or paramastoid process, though in one the jugal 

 process was strongly tuberculated. The remains of an infraorbital suture were seen in 

 these crania. In two the external pterygoid plate was prolonged for some distance 

 backwards into a pointed process, due to partial ossification of the pterygo-spinous 

 ligament. 



The length-breadth or cephalic index of eight males ranged from 80*1 to 72 ; one skull 

 was brachycephalic, 80*1 ; three were between 77*5 and 79*9 ; one only was dolicho- 

 cephalic and three ranged from 75*4 to 76'6. The mean was 76*6, which places the 

 series in the mesaticephalic group. The cephalic index of the female was 79*6. 



The length-height or vertical index ranged in the males from 75*4 to 67*2, and the 

 mean of the group was 71*7. The parieto-squamous diameter exceeded the basi-breg- 

 matic in each specimen, so that the cephalic index was greater than the vertical. 



The projection of the upper jaw, as estimated by the gnathic index, ranged from 

 102*4 to 87*5, and the mean of the series was 94*6. The average index was therefore 

 orthognathic, and only three specimens were mesognathic. In each specimen the nose 

 was narrow or leptorhine, and the mean of the series was 43. The orbital index ranged 

 from 91*9 to 79*5 ; the mean of the series was 85, i.e., mesoseme. Of the eight males 

 three were megaseme, one was mesoseme, whilst four were microseme. The palato- 

 alveolar index could only be determined in five males, the mean of which was 109*8, 

 i.e., on the verge of being mesuranic ; but three of the skulls were dolichuranic, the 

 other two brachyuranic. 



The complete facial index could only be taken in three skulls, which yielded a mean 

 of 93*5, i.e., leptoprosopic, with high and relatively narrow faces ; a conclusion as to the 

 character of the face which was borne out in the skulls where the lower jaw was absent, 

 by the proportion of the length of the upper jaw to the interzygomatic breadth, in 

 which the mean maxillo-faciai index was 54*6, also leptoprosopic. 



The four crania from Lasswade, marked L in Table III., formed a part of the Henderson 

 Trust collection. They were obtained about forty years ago. Three were undoubted 



