CKANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 561 



male skulls. The fourth skull was said to be that of a woman. Its dimensions and in- 

 ternal capacity were considerably greater than the average of the female sex ; a shallow 

 transverse depression was situated immediately behind the coronal suture, probably due 

 to the wearing in infancy of a baud across the head. In its general form this skull 

 corresponded to the crania from Fife, which approached most closely to the brachy- 

 cephalic character. Two male crania, again, were longer, more capacious, but not so 

 wide, and had a more ovoid form, with dolichocephalic proportions. They were not so 

 well filled, and had a ridge-like elevation in the sagittal region. The glabella was 

 prominent, and the nasion considerably depressed ; the bridge of the nose also was 

 moderately projecting. A third male skull, said to be that of a musician in his sixty- 

 seventh year, was much smaller in its dimensions than those just referred to. It 

 possessed a strong glabella and supraorbital ridges, a deep depression at the nasion, a 

 very prominent nose and large nasal bones. It was distinctly dolichocephalic, with an 

 index of 71 '7, and in its norma verticcdis was an elongated ovoid, and not so well filled 

 as the crania previously described. The nasal index was platyrhine ; the orbital 

 index was mesoseme, and the cranial capacity was 1400 c.c. The upper jaw was 

 edentulous, but the denticulations of the cranial sutures were well marked on the 

 outer table. This skull possessed a large left epipteric bone and some small Wormian 

 bones in the lambdoidal suture. 



No. 566 was free from Wormian bones, but in 386 a small ossicle was in the coronal 

 and others in the lambdoidal suture. The sutures in 383 were so much ossified that it 

 was impossible to say whether ossicula had at one time been present. None of the 

 Lasswade skulls had a third occipital condyle ; in two the under surface of the jugal 

 process was tuberculated : in one were faint indications of an infraorbital suture. 



In each of the four crania the vertical index was less than the cephalic ; the jaw was 

 orthognathous ; the maxillo-facial index was lepto-prosopic. In three crania the nasal 

 index was leptorhine ; the orbital index was megaseme ; the cranial capacity had the un- 

 usual average of 1698 c.c. In all four crania the occipital longitudinal arc was the 

 smallest and the frontal was the longest. 



b. The series of crania from a village near the sea coast were mostly from intra- 

 mural interments, and were found lying loose in the earth below the flooring of a 

 church ; two specimens were, however, from graveyard burials. The series is marked 

 I. in Table IV. 



This collection of skulls consisted apparently of eight males and seven females, in only 

 one of which the lower jaw was present : several of the specimens were so much broken 

 that only partial measurements could be taken. One skull, a female, was, judging from 

 the dentition and the unossified basi-cranial synchondrosis, between 18 and 20 years. 

 The others were all adults, and at least three specimens were advanced in life. No 

 skull was metopic, but a calvaria, too much broken to be included in the measurements 

 in the Table, had an open frontal suture. 



Norma verticalis. — Many of the skulls were broadly ovoid. Two females were 



