CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 569 



was 425 '8, in the females 409 mm. : the mean longitudinal circumference in the males 

 was 499, in the females 478 mm. 



In many of the skulls the upper jaw was injured, but in fourteen the gnathic index 

 could be computed. With one exception, in which it reached 100, this index was below 

 98, orthognathous. Eighteen crania admitted of nasal measurements, and in only two 

 specimens did the nasal index reach 48, so that the nose was leptorhine. In twenty 

 crania the orbital index was obtained; in nine it was above 89, i.e., megaseme ; in 

 eight it was below 84, microseme ; in the others it was intermediate, i.e., mesoseme. 



In ten skulls the palato-alveolar index was computed ; two were hyperdolichuranic ; 

 one was dolichuranic ; one was brachyuranic ; three were hyperbrachyuranic ; the 

 remainder between 110 and 115 were mesuranic. 



The complete facial index could only be computed in three skulls, in two of which it 

 was upwards of 90, high faced or leptoprosopic. This character of the face was supported 

 by the measurements of thirteen skulls in which the maxillo-facial index was computed, 

 in all of which, with one exception, it was leptoprosopic. 



The cranial capacity could be taken in only eighteen skulls ; in eight males it ranged 

 from 1295 to 1505, with a mean 1396'2 c.c. : in nine adult females from 1100 to 1540, 

 with a mean 1291*6 c.c. 



Linlithgowshire. Table VIII. 



The collection contains only three skulls from West Lothian ; one was from Linlith- 

 gow, one from South Queensferry, and a third from the eastern border of the county. 

 They are all adults ; one is a male, two are females. Although too few in number on 

 which to base a general statement, their more salient characters may be noted. 



The female skulls were broadly ovoid in the norma verticalis, the vertex was 

 flattened, the forehead smooth, in one almost vertical, in the other somewhat retreating. 

 In one the frontal bone was metopic and marked with grooves, running upwards from 

 the supraorbital foramina ; there was no parietooccipital flattening in either. The 

 cephalic index was 79'4 and 82*7, brachycephalic in form, though one was fractionally 

 below the numerical standard of that group. The vertical index in both was less than 

 the cephalic. The face was orthognathous, aud the maxillo-facial index was lepto- 

 prosopic. The anterior nares were relatively wide in one in which the nasal index was 

 mesorhine, but in the other it was leptorhine ; the orbits were mesoseme and micro- 

 seme respectively, and the palato-alveolar arch was mesuranic and brachyuranic. The 

 skulls showed no unusual ossifications. 



The male skull was an elongated ovoid in the norma verticalis. The vertex was not 

 ridged, low-arched and with a gentle slope from the sagittal suture to the parietal 

 eminences. The glabella and supraorbital ridges were moderate, the forehead was only 

 slightly retreating. There was no parietooccipital flattening. The skull was crypto- 

 zygous, 200 mm. in greatest length, 145 mm. in breadth, with a cephalic index 72'5 ; the 



