CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 573 



Renfrewshire. Tables IX., X. Plates II., III., V. 



Twenty-one skulls from Renfrewshire, including the town of Paisley, were examined ; 

 eleven were apparently males and ten females. The majority were in adult life ; one 

 was about twenty years of age ; several, to judge either from the obliteration of the 

 sutures of the cranial vault, or the loss of teeth and the absorption of the alveoli, or 

 from the presence of both these conditions, were advanced in years. Three skulls were 

 metopic. 



Norma verticalis. — The crania were not uniform in appearance ; six were relatively 

 broadly ovoid, whilst the rest were more elongated in relation to the breadth. As a 

 rule the vertex was low and rounded in the transverse arc, and sloped gently outwards 

 to the parietal eminences ; but in three specimens the sagittal line was somewhat 

 ridged, and the slope outwards from it was more abrupt. The side walls were slightly 

 bulging, and the greatest breadth was near the squamous suture ; in each skull the 

 greatest breadth exceeded the interzygomatic diameter. The relative diameter in the 

 Stephanie and asterionic regions varied in different skulls. There was no parieto- 

 occipital flattening, but the skulls varied in the slope of that region, and in the amount 

 of projection of the occipital squama. The crania were cryptozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — In the males the glabella and supraorbital ridges were distinct, 

 and the forehead sloped backwards, in some slightly, in others to a greater extent. In 

 the females the forehead approached the vertical, and the region of the frontal air sinuses 

 was relatively smooth. The bridge of the nose was usually prominent and frequently 

 concave upwards. The nasion was depressed in only three male skulls. The maxillo- 

 nasal spine was distinct, sometimes very prominent, and a sharp ridge separated the 

 floor of the nose from the incisive region of the upper jaw. In one skull the longitudinal 

 occipital arc was longer than either the frontal and parietal, in one longer than the 

 frontal, in one longer than the parietal ; there was no constancy in the relative length 

 of the frontal and parietal arcs. 



In the male crania the glabello-occipital length ranged from 180 to 201 mm., and 

 the mean was 190 mm. ; the breadth ranged from 130 to 153 mm., with a mean 

 142*8 mm. ; the basi-bregmatic diameter ranged from 121 to 143 mm., and the mean 

 was 133*5 mm. The mean horizontal circumference was 531 mm. ; the mean vertical 

 transverse circumference was 429*9 mm. ; the mean longitudinal circumference was 

 523 mm. In the female crania the corresponding dimensions were as follows : — Range 

 of glabello-occipital diameter from 169 to 188 mm., with the mean 177 mm. ; the 

 breadth ranged from 130 to 142 mm., with a mean 135*7; range of basi-bregmatic 

 diameter from 121 to 133 mm., with the mean 127 mm. ; mean horizontal circumference 

 501*6, mean vertical transverse circumference 406, the mean longitudinal circumference 

 489*9. In the males the cranial capacity ranged from 1230 to 1855 c.c, with the mean 

 1526 c.c. ; in the females the range was from 1180 to 1490 c.c, and the mean was 

 1300*5 c.c. 



