576 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



The relative proportions of the cranium and of the face, as determined by their 

 respective indices, in the two sexes, were as follows : — The length-breadth index 

 ranged from 707 to 79*8, and the mean of twenty-one crania was 75*7 ; eight crania 

 were between 70*7 and 74'9, i.e. were dolichocephalic ; seven were from 75*6 to 767, 

 i.e. in the lower half of the mesaticephalic group, and approached therefore to the 

 dolichocephalic; six were from 77'6 to 79*8, i.e. approached the brachycephalic, and 

 of these three almost reached the index of 80. The mean vertical index was 707, 

 and in each skull the basi-bregmatic height was less than the greatest breadth. The 

 mean gnathic index of thirteen skulls was 94, i.e. orthognathous, but in three of these 

 the index was higher, mesognathous. The mean nasal index was only 43*5, so that 

 the narrow, elongated, leptorhine nose was well pronounced ; only two specimens 

 exceeded 48, and were in the lower mesorhine group. The rounded form of the orbit 

 generally was shown by the mean megaseme index 897, though it should be state 1 

 that in three crania the index was in the microseme group. The mean palato-alveolar 

 index was 113, i.e. mesuranic ; the range in the index was considerable, for ten 

 specimens were dolichuranic ; two w T ere hyperdolichuranic ; two were hyperbrachyuranic, 

 four were brachyuranic, and only four were mesuranic ; the mean mesuranic index did 

 not represent the proportions in individual skulls, but the mean between the extreme 

 proportions. From the absence of the lower jaw, or from the changes due to alveolar 

 absorption, the complete facial index was only obtainable in three specimens, in all of 

 which the index was leptoprosopic or high faced. It was possible to compute in thirteen 

 specimens the maxillo-facial index, or the proportion between the interzygomatic 

 diameter and the height of the upper jaw, the mean of which index was 57 "4, which 

 places them high in the leptoprosopic group. In only one specimen was the index 

 as low as 50. 



The sutures, when not obliterated, had as a rule well-marked denticulations, and 

 sutural bones were infrequent. In one specimen a small interparietal bone was seen, 

 three had small Wormians in the lambdoidal suture, one had an anterior fontanelle bone, 

 one a small sutural bone in the left half of the coronal suture, one a small sutural bone in 

 the squamous suture. One skull had a left epipteric bone, two had each a right epipteric, 

 and in one skull the squamous-temporal articulated with the frontal on the left side and 

 almost did so on the right side. In more than one the alisphenoid had a very narrow 

 articulation with the parietal. No skull had a third condyle or par-occipital process, 

 though in some the jugal process was tuberculated ; in one, each occipital condyle was 

 transverse, divided into two facets ; in another a pair of short, sharp tubercles projected 

 downwards from the basi-occipital antero-internal to the condyles. 



Ayrshire. Table XI. 



Three crania were obtained from the county of Ayr. One, No. 24 in the Henderson 

 Trust collection, was from Kirk Alloway. the others were from intramural interments 



