CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 577 



in the town of Ayr. They were all adults ; one was a male, the others apparently 

 females. 



In the norma verticalis two were seen to be elongated ovoids, whilst the third was 

 more rounded in form. They were all low arched at the vertex, but they varied 

 in the steepness of the slope from the sagittal suture to the parietal eminences. The 

 side walls of the cranium were slightly bulging. In the more elongated crania, the 

 backward slope from the squamous suture to the projecting occipital squama was so 

 marked as to give a distinct pentagonal outline to the cranium. They were crypto- 

 zygous. The diameter in the parieto-squamous region was almost the same in each, 

 but one skull was absolutely so short as to be brachy cephalic, whilst in the others 

 the cephalic index was 75 and 75 "9 respectively. In each skull the vertical index was 

 materially below the cephalic. 



In the male skull the glabella and supraorbital ridges were distinct, the forehead was 

 somewhat retreating, and the nasion was depressed. In the females these characters 

 were much less pronounced. In one the nose was prominent, in the other less so, and 

 the floor was separated from the incisive region by a sharp ridge. Two skulls were 

 orthognathous, one mesognathous, and the face was leptoprosopic ; two skulls were 

 leptorhine, one mesorhine ; in two the orbits were megaseme, in one microseme, in two 

 the palate was brachy urauic, in one hyperbrachyuranic. 



One female skull was metopic, in the other the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures were 

 almost obliterated ; no Wormian or epipteric bones were present. A third condyle was 

 not present, but in two the jugal process was tuberculated on its inferior surface. 



Wigtonshire. Table XL Plate III. 



Four skulls in the collection are from Kirkmadrine, Wigtonshire. From the 

 conditions under which they were found there is reason to believe that they were from 

 interments made more than a century ago. They doubtless represent the cranial 

 characters of the people of Galloway of that period. They were adult crania, two 

 apparently males and two females. 



Norma verticalis. — They were elongated and ovoid, and in no instance was the 

 breadth proportionally large in relation to the length. The vertex was somewhat 

 rounded in the transverse arc, there was no sagittal ridge, and the slope outwards to the 

 parietal eminences was gentle. In two crania the side walls were nearly vertical, in the 

 other two they were somewhat bulging. The parietals sloped downwards behind the 

 obelion, and the occipital squama was convex backwards. The crania were cryptozygous. 

 In the two men the parieto-squamous exceeded the interzygomatic diameter. In two 

 skulls the Stephanie exceeded the asterionic, in the other two the proportions were 

 reversed. 



Norma lateralis. — In the men the glabella and supraorbital ridges were distinct ; 

 in the women they were feeble ; in all the forehead slightty retreated and the arch of 



