580 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



the nose had scarcely any projection ; the nasal index was leptorhine. The orbits were 

 rounded, megaseme. The absence of a lower jaw and the absorption of the maxillo- 

 alveolar arcade prevented the facial proportions from being taken. 



Banffshire and Kincardineshire. Table XII. 



The skull from Banff is from the village of Gamrie, but I have no record of the 

 conditions under which it was found ; from its appearance, I judge it to have been 

 buried for a considerable period. It was a male, somewhat advanced in years. 



In the norma verticalis the outline was broadly ovoid, flattened on the vertex, 

 sloping gently outwards to the parietal eminences ; the postero-parietal region sloped 

 downwards and backwards, but the occipital squama was convex. The cephalic index, 

 80"3, was brachycephalic ; the basi-bregmatic height was much below the greatest 

 breadth. 



The glabella and supraorbital ridges were well marked, the forehead was somewhat 

 retreating, the bridge of the nose was injured, but the part remaining had not much 

 projection ; the nasal index was leptorhine ; the orbits were megaseme ; the face was 

 broad, but the absence of the lower jaw and the broken maxillo-alveolar arch prevented 

 me from obtaining the proportions of the face. The cranial capacity, 1630 c.c, wa& 

 much above the average of Europeans. 



Some years ago I had the opportunity of seeing several skulls from the parish 

 of Fordoun in Kincardineshire. They were so imperfect that very few measurements 

 could be taken, and in only three specimens was it possible to obtain the relation of 

 length to breadth; the cephalic index ranged from 79*9 to 84, so that they were of the 

 brachycephalic type. They were apparently male skulls, and although their internal 

 capacities could not be taken, it would seem from the external dimensions that a and b 

 had possessed a good amount of brain space. The glabella and supraorbital ridges 

 were moderate, the forehead only slightly retreated ; in a the vertex was somewhat 

 ridged, but in b and c not so. The postero-parietal region was flattened from above 

 downwards and backwards, but the occipital squama was convex ; b had several 

 Wormian bones in the lambdoidal suture. 



Caithness. Table XII. 



The collection contains three crania from Caithness ; one, H. T. No. 45, was found at 

 Knockstanger, on the site of a battle fought between the Mackays and Sinclairs in 1437 : 

 it is referred to in Wilson's Prehistoric Annals of Scotland. A second, perhaps from 

 the same locality, was originally in the collection of Professor Alexander Monro, tertius, 

 and it has the characters of a female skull. A third skull, a female, was from the 

 " Burial Mound " at Keiss, and formed one of a series excavated by Mr Samuel Laing 



