590 PROFESSOR SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



unknown, were, it is believed, natives of Scotland, but I have no information of the 

 part of the country in which they were born. 



Fourteen were males and two females. They were all adults, and for the most part 

 in the prime of life ; but in some specimens the sutures of the vault were in process of 

 obliteration, the alveolar arches were partially absorbed, and the teeth, when present, 

 were flattened on the crowns from use. 



When viewed in the norma verticalis, six of the crania were seen to be well filled, 

 but the others could not be regarded as examples of this form of skull, for three were 

 ridged in the sagittal region, and in these, as in several others, there was a marked slope 

 from the sagittal suture to the parietal eminences. Several of the crania had an 

 elongated ovoid outline and were dolichocephalic in proportions ; others again were 

 more broadly ovoid, and were from their proportions in the higher terms of the 

 mesaticephalic series ; in one specimen the cranium was brachycephalic. Only one 

 skull was metopic, with a Stephanie diameter of 130 mm., and its cephalic index was 

 747. The basi-bregmatic diameter exceeded the greatest breadth in only one specimen ; 

 in two they were equal, and in five the breadth was not more than 5 mm. in excess of 

 the height. The glabella and supraorbital ridges were well marked, and in three crania 

 unusually so. The frontal bone sloped somewhat backward. The occipital squama 

 projected behind the inion, though in general not to any extent. The downward slope 

 of the more posterior half of the parietal bone was not as a rule steep. The greatest 

 breadth of the crania was in the squamous region. In all the specimens the frontal 

 longitudinal arc exceeded the occipital. In ten the frontal arc exceeded the parietal, in 

 one they were equal, and in the remainder the parietal exceeded the frontal. In two 

 specimens the occipital arc exceeded the parietal, in one they were equal ; in the 

 remainder the parietal exceeded the occipital. The Stephanie diameter exceeded the 

 asterionic with two exceptions, in one of which these diameters were equal, and in 

 another the asterionic was slightly greater. The interzygomatic breadth in each case 

 was less than the parieto-squamous. 



The bridge of the nose, as a rule, projected forwards, and the nasion was not much 

 depressed. The nose had the elongated narrow leptorhine proportions, with four 

 exceptions, in one of which the index was platyrhine. In six skulls the orbital index 

 was microseme, in five it was megaseme, in the remainder mesoseme. 



The palato-alveolar index varied from a hyperdolichuranic, 101 - 8, to a hyperbracky- 

 uranic index, 122 "2. In all the specimens the upper jaw was orthognathous, with two 

 exceptions, in which the index was 98 - 1, a fraction above the orthognathic term. 



With two exceptions the face was leptoprosopic. The mean cubic capacity of the 

 crania of fourteen men was 1449 c.c. 



As a rule the skulls rested behind on the conceptacula. No specimen had a third 

 occipital condyl, or a para-mastoid process, though the jugal process was occasionally 

 tuberculated. In two crania indications of an infraorbital suture could be recognised. 

 One skull had a pair of epipteric bones, another had one on the right side, a third had 



