CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 597 



consider the crania in the mesaticephalic group with an index between 75 and 77 "4. 

 In the Fifeshire group only three had the length-breadth index below 75, and two were 

 75*5 and 76 respectively. Of seventy-nine skulls from the Lothiaus twenty were below 75, 

 and two of these were hyperdolichocephalic, while sixteen ranged from 75 to 77 "4. Two 

 crania from Lanark were below 75, and one of these was hyperdolichocephalic; two 

 from Roxburgh were 76*2 and 7 6 '3 respectively. In the Renfrewshire group eight 

 skulls were dolichocephalic, and seven were between 75 and 76'7. Two of the three 

 Ayrshire skulls were 75 and 75 '9 respectively. Two of the four Wigtonshire were 

 dolichocephalic, the other two were 75*8 and 76 '5 respectively. No skull from 

 Shetland was below 75, but three were from 75'1 to 77 '4. In three crania from 

 Caithness and six from the Highland counties of Argyll, Perth, Ross and Sutherland, 

 the length-breadth index was in no instance above 75, and two of these were hyper- 

 dolichocephalic. Five of the seven crania from the Hebrides ranged from 74'2 to 77.. 

 Seven of the dissecting-room series were below 75, and four ranged from 75*7 to 77*1. 



From this analysis of the cephalic indices in the crania under observation it would 

 appear that a brachycephalic type of skull prevailed in Fife, in the Lothians, in the 

 north-east counties of Forfar, Kincardine and Banff; and it occurred to some extent in 

 Shetland, in Ayr, in the border county of Peebles, and in Stirlingshire. 



The dolichocephalic type of skull was feebly represented in Fife ; it was propor- 

 tionately more numerous in the Lothians, in which district are included the skulls from 

 Edinburgh and Leith ; it was represented in Lanark, Ayr, Shetland and the Hebrides. 

 It formed the prevailing type in Wigtonshire, in Caithness, in the skulls from the 

 Highland counties, and in the important series of skulls from Renfrewshire. Whilst 

 examples of this type occurred generally throughout the series, it may be noted that 

 only five hyper-dolichocephali, i.e. skulls with the index below 70, were measured, 

 but that eight hyper - brachycephalic crania, i.e. with the index 85 and upwards, 

 occurred in the series. 



In the study of the Scottish brachycephalic crania I have been led to compare 

 them with crania of some other races measured by me some years ago, which had 

 numerically this type of head. The comparison has been made with twenty-four male 

 Burmese skulls # and with eight skulls of male Sandwich Islanders t described in 

 previous memoirs, in each of which the cephalic index was 80 or upwards. The mean 

 length-breadth index in the Burmese brachycephali was 8 4 *2. The shortest skull in 

 this group was 158 mm., the longest was 184, and the mean length was 171"8 mm. 

 The parieto-squamous breadth ranged from 139 to 153 mm., and the mean breadth was 

 1447 mm. In the Sandwich Islands brachycephali the mean length-breadth index was 

 83 - 8 ; the length ranged from 169 to 184 mm., and the mean was 176*5 mm. ; the 

 breadth ranged from 142 to 155 mm., and the mean was 148 mm. In twenty-seven 

 male brachycephalic Scottish skulls the mean length-breadth index was 83*2, almost the 



* See my memoir on Indian Crania, part L, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxix., 1899. 



t See Challenger Reports, " Zoology," part xxix., 1884, pp. 64 and 66, and part xlvii., 1886, p. 125J 



