CEANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 607 



The palato-alveolar index was computed as follows : 



palato-alveolar breadth x 100 

 palato-alveolar length 



Iii my Challenger Report I suggested that relatively long palato-alveolar regions with 

 an index below 110 should be named dolichuranic ; relatively wide palates with an 

 index above 115, brachyuranic ; and those with an intermediate index between 110 and 

 115, mesuranic. As skulls exhibit, however, a wide range in the index in this region, I 

 now make the further suggestion that when the index falls below 105 it should be called 

 hyperdolichuranic ; where it exceeds 120, hyperbrachyuranic. The divisions of the 

 group may be expressed in tabular form as follows : 



Hyperdolichurauic, 

 Dolichuranic, 

 Mesuranic, . 

 Brachyuranic, 

 Hyperbrachyuranic, 



below 105. 

 105 to 110. 

 110 to 115. 

 115 to 120. 



above 120. 



In this series of Scottish skulls nineteen were hyperbrachyuranic ; seventeen were 

 brachyuranic ; fifteen were mesuranic ; twenty were dolichuranic ; and eleven were 

 hyperdolichuranic. In only three specimens, two females and a male, was the length 

 greater than the breadth ; but in twenty -eight skulls the length was considerable in 

 relation to the breadth, though not greater, so that the palate had an elongated appear- 

 ance. As a rule, however, the breadth of the region was materially greater than the 

 length, and the form of the palato-alveolar arch was that of a wide horseshoe. 



Lower Jaw, — This bone had been preserved in only thirty-five skulls, twenty-six of 

 which were males. In several of these, many teeth had been lost during life and their 

 alveoli absorbed, so that the form of the bone had been more or less modified. Where 

 the teeth had been in great part preserved, the body of the jaw had in the male sex a 

 vertical diameter at the symphysis, ranging from 26 to 37 mm., and with a well-defined 

 chin ; the ascending ramus was broad and the angle was pronounced. The entire jaw 

 had in most specimens a massive appearance, which had materially contributed to give 

 character to the face, and from the marked vertical diameter of the body of the bone 

 had constituted an important factor in giving to the entire face a length which placed 

 it distinctly in the leptoprosopic group. The condyloid and coronoid diameters of the 

 jaws varied in relative length in the series : in seventeen specimens the height from 

 the angle to the top of the condyl was greater than to the tip of the coronoid, whilst 

 in thirteen the coronoid height was longer, and in three specimens they were equal. 

 The intergonial width ranged in the male jaws from 88 to 114 mm., and the mean of 

 twenty-four specimens was 100 mm., a diameter between the angles of the jaw 

 materially below the interzygomatic, intermalar and Stephanie breadths, but distinctly 

 higher than the minimum frontal diameter. 



To assist the reader in obtaining a bird's-eye view of the dimensions and proportions 



