CRANIOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND. 



609 



ance of the study of sections of this kind. In my present memoir I have pursued a 

 similar method and have figured in Plate V. a series of sections. 



The basion (b) has been selected as a centre, and from it radii have been drawn to 

 definite points on the periphery of the skull. The only radius which requires explana- 

 tion is the perpendicular (p), which is named from being drawn from the basion perpen- 

 dicular to the plane of the foramen magnum. The perpendicular radius reaches the 

 vertex usually more than an inch behind the bregma, and its upper limit approximates 

 to the upper end of the fissure of Rolando, and indicates the posterior boundary of the 

 frontal lobe of the cerebrum. The part of the cavity in relation to the cranial vault 

 which lies in front of the perpendicular radius may be regarded as occupied by the 

 frontal lobe, whilst that which lies behind the same radius and above the plane of the 

 tentorium contains the parietal, occipital and temporo-sphenoidal lobes. The length of 

 the several radii in the five Scottish skulls bisected and measured is given in Table XVII. 



Table XVII. 





Fife, Mh. 

 C. Ix. 83-4. 



Mid- Lothian, 



Mid-Lothian, 



Noithmaven, 



Kintyre. 

 C. Ix. 70-4. 



Radii and other Lines. 



Rx. 



C. Ix. 80-1 



C. 

 C. Ix. 77-5. 



Shetland. 

 C. Ix. 75-1. 





mm. 



nirii. 



inni. 



mm. 



mm. 



Basi-occipital, ...... 



109 



104 



114 



116 



112 



Basi-lambdal, ...... 



114 



117 



120 



123 



119 



Perpendicular, ...... 



131 



136 



142 



145 



135 



Basi-breguiatic, ..... 



130 



134 



142 



141 



134 



Basi-glabellar, ...... 



108 



105 



110 



118 



114 



Basi-nasal, ...... 



98 



99 



104 



110 



104 



Basi-alveolar, ...... 



91) 



91 



91 



97 



99 



From perpendicular radius to anterior pole 













of cranial cavity, ..... 



81 



82 



90 



92 



94 



From perpendicular radius to posterior pole 













of cranial cavity, ..... 



77 



78 



80 



86 



85 



Basi-occipito-sphenoid axis, 



61 



67 



66 



70 



61 



Cribriform axis, ..... 



31 



24 



30 



29 



31 



Sphenoido-ethmoid. angle, .... 



137° 



144° 



136° 



147° 



137° 



Spheno-maxillary line, .... 



80 



72 



75 



73 



72 



Spheno-maxillary angle, .... 



91° 



85° 



76° 



88° 



92° 



Base line, ...... 



134 



133 



141 



146 



139 



Total longitudinal arc, .... 



365 



371 



395 



407 



390 



It will be seen that in each skull the distance from the perpendicular radius to the 

 anterior part of the cranial cavity in which the anterior pole of the cerebrum is lodged, 

 is longer than to the corresponding point behind, in which the occipital pole of the 

 cerebrum is situated. The two crania in the table with brachycephalic proportions, 

 Fife Mh. and Mid-Lothian Rx., show a closer approximation in the amount of cerebral 

 space in front of and behind the perpendicular radius than is the case with the three 

 mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic skulls. In the dolichocephalic Fuegian, Admiralty 

 Island and Oahuan skulls measured in my Challenger Report, p. 120, the brain space 

 behind the perpendicular radius was greater than that in front, but the contrary was 

 the case in the mesaticephalic and brachycephalic skulls recorded in the same Report. 



