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XXXII. — The Canonbie Coalfield: its Geological Structure and Relations to the 

 Carboniferous Bocks of the North of England and Central Scotland. By 

 B. N. Peach, LL.D., F.R.S., and J. Horne, LL.D., F.R.S. (With Four Plates.)* 



(Read June 15, 1903. Given in for publication November 11, 1903. Issued separately December 31, 1903.) 



CONTENTS. 



I. Previous Researches . . . . 



II. Description of the Carboniferous Sub- 

 divisions IN ESKDALE AND LlDDISDALE— 



i. The Volcanic Rocks of Tarras Wate 



and Birrenswark . 

 ii. The Whita Sandstone 

 iii. Cementstone groivp 

 iv. The Fell Sandstones 

 v. Glencartholm Volcanic gr 

 vi. Marine Limestone group with Coal- 

 seams ...... 



vii. Millstone Grit 



viii. Rowanburn Coal group (Lower Coal- 

 measures) 



ix. Byre Burn Coal group (Middle Coal- 

 measures) . . . . . 

 x. Red Sandstones of Canonbie (Upper 

 Coal-measures) 



PAGE 



8:55 



838 



840 

 840 

 841 

 844 



844 



847 

 854 



854 



B58 



III. Description of Horizontal Sections — 

 i. Buchtknowe to Kershope Burn 

 ii. Arkelton Hill to Kershope Burn 

 iii. Ewes Water by Archerbeck to the 



Liddel Water .... 

 iv. Wauchope Water by Glencartholm, 



Byre Burn and Rowanburn to the 



Liddel Water .... 

 v. Birrenswark by Ecclefechan to Kirtle 



Water 



PAGE 



865 

 865 



866 



866 

 866 



IV. Estimate of Coal Supply in Concealed 

 Coalfield underlying Red Sandstones 

 (Upper Coal-measures), North of the 

 Triassic Rocks at Canonbie . . 867 



V. Comparison of the Carboniferous Sub- 

 divisions IN ESK.DALE AND LlDDISDALE 

 with those in northumberland and 

 Central Scotland 868 



I. Previous Researches. 



The Canonbie Coalfield occupies a small tract of ground between the Liddel Water 

 and the river Esk in the south-east part of the county of Dumfries. Though of limited 

 extent, the coalfield has aroused considerable interest, due partly to the important 

 series of plants obtained from the beds, and partly to the questions bearing on the 

 correlation of the Carboniferous rocks of the Scottish Border with those in the North of 

 Enp-land and Central Scotland. 



In 1861 an elaborate paper, with numerous sections and a geological map, was 

 communicated by Mr Edmund Gibsone to the North of England Institute of Mining- 

 Engineers on " The Border Districts of Dumfriesshire, Cumberland, and Part of 

 Roxburghshire, including the Coal Formation of Canonbie. ' ; t The following classifica- 

 tion of the Carboniferous rocks was adopted by the author, (l) The Carboniferous 

 Limestone, comprising a lower series of sandstones, shales, and thin limestones, and an 

 upper series consisting of thick limestones (Peterscrook, Harelaw Hill, Springkell, and 



* Communicated by permission of the Director of H.M. Geological Survey, 

 t Trans. North of England Inst, of Mining Engineers, vol. xi. p. 65, 1861-2. 

 TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XL. PART IV. (NO. 32). 



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