THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CANONBIE COALFIELD. 



839 



Table of the Carboniferous System in Eskdale and Liddisdale. 





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Upper Coal Measures 

 Middle Coal Measures 



Lower Coal Measures 



' Millstone Grit 



Up. Ls. Group 



Coal-bearing Group 



Low. Ls. Group 

 Lawston Linn and Muir 



Burn Coal Group 

 Glencartholm Volcanic 



Group 



Fell Sandstones . 



Cementstone Group 



Whita Sandstone . 

 blrrenswark volcanic 

 Group 



Brick-red sandstones and marls. 



Unconformability. 



f Bed Sandstones and Shales : stained in part. — With plants of Upper 



1 Coal-measures. 



| Byre Burn Coal group. — Sandstones, shales, coals, and thin ironstones ; 



) stained in part. — With plants of Middle Coal-measures. 



Jf Rowanburn Coal group. — Several workable coals ; sandstones, shales, 



I and ironstones. — With plants of Lower Coal-measures. 



Coarse sandstones, shales, and several thin coals ; proved in bores. 



Marine limestones, sandstones, and shales. About 240 feet thick. 

 ( A group of five thin coals — Kilnholm coals (Horizon of Lickar and Edge 

 I coals) — sandstones and shales. Upwards of 340 feet thick. 



Group of marine limestones, sandstones, shales, and thin coals. 

 j Sandstones, shales, marine limestones, thin coals, and ironstones. — 

 | Horizon of Lewisburn and Plashetts (Scremerston coals). 



J Basic tuffs and lavas (Olivine-basalts), with interbedded shales and 

 I mudstones. 



j Grey and yellow sandstones, with red marls and thin impure lime- 

 | stones. 



j Cementstones and impure limestones, clays, sandstones, and a zone of 

 •' marine limestone near the top— (Larristoii and Thorlieshope lime- 



( stones). 



Grey and yellow sandstones. 



> Lavas (Olivine-basalts). 



V Upper Old Red Sandstone Red sandstones and shales, with cornstone and chert at top. 



= f 



Unconformability. 

 Silurian strata. 



Before proceeding to the description of the subdivisions of the Carboniferous system, 

 brief allusion may be made to the succession of red sandstones which, though they pass 

 conformably upwards into that system, are grouped with the Old Red Sandstone, in 

 virtue of their fish fauna. 



Upper Old Red Sandstone. 



Along the southern flanks of the Silurian tableland the members of this system rest 

 unconformable on the folded and denuded edges of the Upper Silurian rocks. wing- 

 to the uneven floor on which they were deposited, their thickness A T aries in every section 

 where they are exposed. Near Langholm it is about 300 feet, and yet about three 

 miles to the west of that town these rocks almost wholly disappear. Near the base the 



