858 



DR B. N. PEACH AND DR J. HORNE ON 









Ft. 



Ins. 











Ft. 



Ins 



Till or alluvial clay . 15 







Brought forward 84 



4 



Blue limestone 







1 







Gray beds ... .34 







Blue metals . 







15 







White stone . 









2 







White freestone . 







2 







Craw coal . 









1 







Main coal (deficient)* 











4 



Fireclay 









1 







Fireclay 











3 



Ironstone 









1 



2 



White freestone . 







30 







Gray beds 









30 







Blue metal . 







1 







White freestone . 









2 







f coal (deficient) t 







1 







Craw coal . 









1 



6 



Fireclay 







1 



6 



Fireclay 









1 







( Jray beds of stone and blaes 







15 







White freestone 









15 







Craw coal 











8 



( top bed 









1 







Fireclay 











1 



Lime coal < metal . 









3 







White stone . 







1 



6 



I bottom bed 







3 







Carry forwarc 



84 



4 





180 







Iii the above section the deficient thicknesses of the Main and Three-Quarter Seams 

 are due to the bore having passed through old workings. 



In the lower part of the Byre Burn, close to the Esk, the strata dip to the south-east 

 at angles varying from 20° to 25°, while further up, towards the railway viaduct, they 

 are thrown into an anticline. On their western side they are bounded by a fault that 

 enters the Esk a few yards above the foot of Byre Burn and runs down the river channel 

 for a distance of 200 yards, thereafter ascending the west bank. By means of this 

 dislocation they are brought in contact with strata referred to the upper part of the 

 Marine Limestone series. The limits of this subdivision are not clearly defined, but the 

 beds can be traced down the east bank of the Esk at Byreburnfoot, till they are abruptly 

 cut off by the east and west fault that brings down the red sandstones and shales of the 

 Upper Coal-measures. The area occupied by the Byre Burn group, at present known, 

 measures about a quarter of a square mile. 



x. Red Sandstone Group [Upper Coal-measures). 



The red sandstones and shales that form the highest division of the Carboniferous 

 system in Eskdale and Liddisdale are well seen in the Esk between Byreburnfoot and 

 Canonbie bridge, and in the Liddel above and below the junction of Archerbeck with that 

 river. Along their northern margin, as already indicated, they are bounded by a 

 powerful east and west fault, which brings them successively in contact with the Marine 

 Limestone series in the Liddel Water, with the Lower Coal-measures at Rowanburn, 

 and with the Middle Coal-measures in the Esk (see Plate I.). The fault is admirably 

 seen in the Liddel, where the strata on either side form a high cliff, and also in the 

 Rowanburn close to the colliery. In the Esk the general dip of the beds is to the 

 south or south-east, at angles varying from 15° to 35°. In the Liddel and in Archerbeck, 

 however, there is evidence of folding and faulting of the strata, for they are inclined in 

 various directions, and the lines of dislocation are visible in the stream sections. 



* Usually 4 feet 10 inches, with 4 inches metal. 



t Usually 3 feet thick. 



