42 Hector F. E. Jungersen. 
it is taken in 80 fathoms depth, but sometimes much deeper.” 
Later it has been mentioned, living as well as fossil, from 
many other localities of the extended coast by several investi- 
gators, : mostly Norwegian. It has now been found to live, 
locally, on the continental plateau and its edges as well as in 
those fjords which have free access of oceanic water, from 
Boknfjord in the south to Vestfjord in the north (Tranødyb 68° 
15.5’ N, 15° 49' E, and Tysfjord 68° 12.5’ N, 16° 12.5’ E being 
the northernmost localities hitherto observed). In Trondhjems- 
fjord it penetrates far from the mouth, occurring abundantly 
in Skarnsund; in Hardangerfjord it goes at least to the middle 
part, at Straumastein; perhaps similar conditions, favourable 
for its existence far from the open sea, may be found in some 
of the other fjords. In a fossil state, or forming dead 
reefs, it has been found somewhat farther north, viz. at Lø- 
dingen (Dons), and to the south it has been known long ago 
from the Christianiafjord at Drøbak, (0. F. Miller, 1776, Ehren- 
berg 1834, Ørsted 1844), where the famous researches of M. 
Sars definitely settled that only dead reefs did exist. No living 
specimens have as yet been found in the Skagerrak, nor in 
any of its fjords, neither on the Norwegian nor on the Swedish 
side, as far as I know, with the only exception that it is said 
“to live sparsely at Våderøerna” (Théel 1. c. p. 58, Note I, 
[teste Carlgren]), a group of small islands south-west of the 
Swedish town Stromstad.') 
From the Norwegian coast-plateau it extends across the 
North-Sea, avoiding the cold area; it has been found at Shet- 
land (f. inst. Rum-Islands, and Egg [Johnston]), between the Færø- 
bank and the Hebrides (“Lightning” 1868, 59° 36’ N, 7° 20 W, 
530 Fthm., “Porcupine” 1869, 59° 56’, 6° 27' W, 363 Fthm.), 
south of Iceland to WSW of Cape Reykianes (*Ingolf” 1896, 
“Thor” 1903—04, 170—316 Fthms.), south of Rockall (56° 41’ N, 
13° 39' W, 164 Fthm., “Porcupine” 1869); off the western and 
south-western coasts of Ireland (*Porcupine” 1869, 173—422 
Fthms., 380—800 Fthms., 1890—91, 1904—07 (Stephens); off 
Brittany, 1775 Fthm. (*Gazelle” 18 . .), Golfe de Gascogne 
(*Caudan” 1895, 400—500 M., “Huxley” 1907, 412—444 Fthms.); 
») I am inclined to think that L. prolifera, if really occurring here, 
will prove to be dead. 
