13 
Suborder I]. GRADIENTIA. 
Body elongate, tailed in all ages. Limbs four, weak, small, equal. 
Gills well developed in the young, decaying as the animal arrives 
at full age, very rarely retained through life. 
Teeth in both jaws, and often in the palate. 
Ears hidden. 
Internal nostrils in middle of palate, surrounded by bone. 
Vent longitudinal. 
Skin naked, smooth, or warty. 
Sternum and claviceule none. 
Ribs distinct or rudimentary. 
_ Eggs elliptical, isolated, deposited separately at different 
periods, hatched in succession. 
Larva elongate, conical, compressed behind. Gills exposed, 
on the side of the neck, over the three or four branchial slits. 
Fore and hind legs developed nearly at the same time. The gills 
are sometimes retained for a longer period, and are rarely even 
found withered on the side of the neck of the adult specimens. 
Gradientia Laur. Rept. 1768. 
Quadrupedes ovipari caudati (partim) Lacép. Quadr. 1. 1788. 
Batrac. Urodéles Duméril, Zool. Anal. 1806. 
Batrac. caudata Oppel. Rept. 1811. 
Batrac. gradientia mutabilia Merrem, Tent. 1820. 
Amph. caducibranchia Urodela Dum. Fam. Nat. 1825. 
Rane Phaneroglosse (part.) Wagler, Syst. 1830. 
Amph. Urodela Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, 218.; Bell, Todd’s Cyclop. 
Med. 1835; Swains. Cab. Cyc. i. 342. 
B. urophora (part.) Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839. 
B. tetrapoda et dipoda Hogg, Ann. N. H. 1839. 
A. Monopneumena caducibranchia Hogg, |. c. 1841. 
A. M. caducibr. arcucadentia (part.) Hogg, 1. c. 19. 
Salamandrina Muller, Isis, 1831, 710. 7 
A. prolatibranchia (part.) Hogg, Ann. Mag. N. H. 1841, 361. 
Salamandrine Tschudi, Batr. 1838, 26. 91. 
Urodelia Rafin. Annal. Nat. 78. 1815. 
Urodeli Eichwald, Zool. Spec. ii. 164. 
Ranz (Salamandride) Bonap. Faun. Ital. ti. 4. 181., Amph. Eur. 
i. 1839. 
Salamandra Brongn. Cuvier, R. A. ii. 15. 
Pseudosauriens ou Salamandres Blainv. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1816, 111. 
B. U. atretodera Baird, Amer. Batrach. 281. 1849. 
