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OUTLINES OF BOTANY. XXX1 
(2) the Style, proceeding from the summit of the ovary and sup- 
orting— 
‘ (3) the Stigma, which is sometimes a point (or punctiform stigma) 
or smail head (a capitate stigma) at the top of the style or ovary, some- 
times a portion of its surface more or less lateral and variously shaped, 
distinguished by a looser texture, and covered with minute protuberances 
called papille. 
122. The style is often wanting, and the stigma is then sessile on the 
ovary, but in the perfect pistil there is always at least one ovule in the ovary, 
and some portion of stigmatic surface. Without these the pistil is imper- 
fect, and said to be barren (not setting seed), abortive, or rudimentary (84), 
according to the degree of imperfection. 
123. The ovary being the essential part of the pistil, most of the terms 
relating to the number, arrangement, ete., of the carpels, apply specially to 
their ovaries. In some works each separate carpel is called a pistil, all 
those of a flower constituting together the gynecium ; but this term is in 
little use, and the word pisdi/is more generally applied in a collective sense. 
When the ovaries are at all united, they are commonly termed collectively 
a compound ovary. 
124. The number of carpels or ovaries in a flower is frequently reduced 
below that of the parts of the other floral whorls, even in flowers otherwise 
symmetrical. In a very few genera, however, the ovaries are more nume- 
rous than the petals, or indefinite. ‘They are in that case either arranged 
in a single whorl, or form a head or spike in the centre of the flower. 
125. The terms monogynous, digynous, polygynous, etc. (with a pistil of 
one, two, or more parts), are vaguely used, applying sometimes to the whole 
pistil, sometimes to the ovaries alone, or to the styles or stigmas only. 
Where a more precise nomenclature is adopted,. the flower is 
monocarpellary, when the pistil consists of a single simple carpel. 
bi-, tri-, etc., to poly-carpellary, when the pistil consists of two, three, 
or an indefinite number of carpels, whether separated or united. 
syncarpous, when the carpels or their ovaries are more or less united 
into one compound ovary. 
apocarpous, when the carpels or ovaries are all free and distinct. 
126. A compound ovary is 
untlocular or one-celled, when there are no partitions between the 
ovules, or when these partitions do not meet in the centre so as to divide 
the cavity into several cells. 
plurilocular or several-celled, when comrletely divided into two or 
more cells by partitions called dissepiments (septa), usually vertical and 
radiating from the centre or axis of the ovary to its circumference. 
bi-, tri-, etc., to multi-locular, according to the number of these cells, 
two, three, etc., or many. ; 
127. In general the number of cells or of dissepiments, complete or par- 
tial, or of rows of ovules, corresponds with that of the carpels, of which the 
pistil is composed. But sometimes each carpel is divided completely or 
partially into two cells, or has two rows of ovules, so that the number of 
carpels appears double what it really is. Sometimes again the carpels are 
so completely combined and reduced as to form a single cell, with a single 
ovule, although it really consists of several carpels. But in these cases the 
ovary is usually described as it appears, as well as such asit is theoretically 
supposed to be. 
128. In apocarpous pistils the styles are usually free, each bearing its 
