NATURAL ORDERS, lxx1x 
LXV. Eleagnacez. Shrubs or trees, with scurfy leaves. Flowers 
mostly unisexual, Ovary free in the bottom of the perianth-tube, with 
1 erect ovule. 
LXVI. Santalacez. Perianth-lobes valvate. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, 
with 2 or 4 pendulous ovules. Spike simple. 
LXVII. Aristolochiaces. Perianth irregular, or 3-lobed. Stamens 
6 or 12. Ovary inferior, 3- or 6-celled, with numerous ovules. 
LXVIII. Euphorbiacez. Flower unisexual. Fruit separating into 
3 (rarely 2 or more) carpels, leaving a persistent axis, each carpel con- 
aining 1 or 2 pendulous seeds. 
LXIX. Empetracez. Differs from Huphorbiacez in the ovules and 
seeds erect. 
LXX. Ceratophyllum and Callitriche. Anomalous aquatic genera. 
Perianth none. Ovary with 1 or 4 cells, and 1 seed in’each. 
LXXI. Utricacee. Flowers unisexual, small and green. Stamens 
opposite the perianth-divisions (usually 4). Ovary free, with a anigie 
ovule, and 2 (rarely 1) styles or stigmas. 
LXXII. Ulmacexe. Trees. Flowers often bisexual, the stamens 
opposite the lobes. Ovary free, 2-celled, with 1 erect ovule in each cell. 
LXXIII. Amentacez. Trees or shrubs. Flowers unisexual, the males 
in catkins with an imperfect perianth, or none at all. Fruit of the 
females 1-celled. 
LXXIV. Conifere. Trees or shrubs with stiff or scale-like leaves. 
Flowers unisexual, the males in catkins without perianth. Ovules and 
seeds in the females not enclosed in any ovary or pericarp. 
| CLASS II.—MONOCOTYLEDONS, 
In germination the plumule is developed from a sheath-like cavity 
on one side of the embryo. [The vascular tissue of the stem occurs 
in scattered bundles amongst the cellular. The nerves of the leaves 
are more or less parallel (except in Aroidez, Dioscoridex, Paris, and in 
some Liliacez). The parts of the flower are usually in twos or threes. ] 
* Perianth none, or of 4 small sepals or bracts. 
LXXY. Typhaceze. Flowers unisexual, intermixed with bracts in 
dense heads or spikes. Fruit a dry nut. 
LXXVI. Aroidez. Flowers unisexual, often intermixed with bracts, 
in dense heads or spikes, mostly in aspatha. Fruits usually succulent. 
LXXVII. Lemnacez. No distinct stem. Flowers (very scarce) on 
the edge of the small leaf-like floating fronds. 
LXXVIII. Naiadex. Floating or submerged plants. Flowers distinct 
or in loose spikes. Stamens 1, 2, or4. Ovaries 1, 2, or 4. 
** Perianth wholly or partially petal-like. Ovary apocarpous. 
LXXIX. Alismacez ; the only British family of the group. 
*** Perianth wholly or partially petal-like. Ovary inferior. 
LXXX. Hydrocharidee. Floating or submerged plants. Flowers 
usually unisexual. Perianth regular, with a slender tube, 
LXXXI. Orchidacez. Perianth very irregular. Anther 2-celled, 
combined with the style in an axile column. 
LXXXII. Iridez. Like the Amaryllis family, but stamens3. Leaves 
often in two opposite rows. 
