“i 
28 THE CRUCIFER FAMILY. 
sometimes scrambling on wet banks or bushes to the length of 2 feet 
or more. Leaves pinnate, with distant segments, the terminal one 
usually longer, ovate or orbicular. Flowers small and white, in short 
racemes. Pod about 6 or 8 lines long or rather more, on spreading 
pedicels, but slightly curved upwards, the double rows of the seeds 
very distinct. 
Along brooks and rivulets, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, 
except the extreme north, naturalised in America and the Colonies, 
Abundant in Britain except in the Highlands. Fl. the whole summer. 
2. N.sylvestre, Br. (fig. 53). Creeping W.--Stem creeping at the 
base, the flowering branches erect or ascending, a foot high or more. 
Leaves all or most of them deeply pinnatifid or almost pinnate, the 
lower lobes distinct and narrow, the terminal one often larger and 
broader. Flowers yellow and small, although the petals are consider- — 
ably longer than the calyx. Pod nearly that of J. officinale, but rather 
more slender, and the two rows of seeds rather less distinct. 
On river-banks and in wet places, distributed over Europe and 
Russian Asia, but apparently not so far north as J. officinale. Spar- 
ingly scattered over England and Ireland, and still more rare in 
Scotland. Fl. summer. 
3. N. palustre, DC. (fig. 54). Marsh W.—Much resembles J. 
sylvestre, but usually weaker and not so tall, the lobes of the leaves 
rather broader and more toothed, the petals seldom exceed the calyx, 
ana the pod is seldom above 3 lines long, slightly curved, the seeds 
much crowded, in 2 distinct rows in each cell. _N. terrestre, Sm. 
In muddy and watery places, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, 
from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, in North America, and in 
Australia. Pretty frequent in England and Treland, but decreasing 
considerably in Scotland. /l. swmmer and winter. 
4, N. amphibium, Br. (fig. 55). Great W.—A taller and more 
erect plant than any of the preceding, attaining 2 or 3 feet. Leaves 
less divided, sometimes narrow lanceolate 3 or 4 inches long, and only 
slightly toothed, more frequently deeply toothed or pinnately lobed, 
sometimes divided to the midrib into narrow segments. Flowers 
yellow, larger than in the two last, the petals longer than the calyx. 
Pod straight, elliptical, about 2 lines long, or sometimes shorter and 
almost globular, the style much longer than in the other species. 
In moist meadows and watery places, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia. Generally distributed over England and Ireland, but 
not very common. Fl. swmmer. ‘The shortness of the pod in this and 
in some varieties of N. palustre has induced some botanists to remove 
them to the genus Armoracia (the Horse-radish), a junction which is 
purely artificial. 
V. ARABIS. ROCKCRESS. 
Annuals or perennials, usually erect and hairy, at least at their base, 
with a spreading tuft of radical leaves, which are occasionally lobed, 
the stem-leaves undivided, sessile or stem-clasping ; the flowers white, 
or, in a few exotic species, purple. Pod long and linear, the stigma 
nearly sessile, the valves flat or slightly convex, often with a distinct 
midrib or several longitudinal veins, Seeds more or less flattened, 
often winged. Radicle accumbent, rarely obliquely incumbent. 
