Arabis. | VI. CRUCIFER. 29 
A numerous genus, spread over the temperate regions of the northern 
hemisphere, with a few extra-tropical species in the southern one. 
Stem-leaves undivided, rounded, or auricled at the base. 
Tall plants, with pods 3 inches or more lon g. 
Ripe pods erect or spreading. Plant glabrous. 
Auricles of the leaves pointed. Pods numerous, erect, 
crowded, the valves flat . . L. A. perfoliata. 
Auricles of the leaves rounded. Pods loosely spr eading, 
valves with a prominent midrib ; . Hrysitmum orientale. 
Ripe pods turned downwards. Plant usually hair Whe ot bn hs CE EL 
Plants seldom above a foot. Pod seldom 2 inches long. 
Upper leaves clasping the stem entirely d 3. A. hirsuta. 
Upper leaves clasping the stem, coarsely toothed 4, A. alpina. 
Upper leaves sessile, but not clasping the stem. 
Nearly simple perennial, with erect pods. iy pit De Ae COME 
Slender branching annual, with spreading pods 6. A. Thaliana. 
Stem-leaves narrowed at the base, the lower often pinnately lobed. 
Stem nearly simple. Radical leaves hispid, in a close tuft . 7. A. stricta. 
Stem branching at the base, in a loose tuft : : «. 8.0. petraee. 
Arabis allida or grandifiora, a South Russian species or variety of the 
A, alpina, is common in our gardens among the early-flowering peren- 
nials. Hrysimum orientale, which might be mistaken for A. perfoliata, is 
described under that genus, of which it has the pods and seeds. 
1. A. perfoliata, Lam. (fig. 56). Glabrous, R., Tower Mustard.—An 
erect annual or biennial, 2 feet or more high, perfectly glabrous except 
a few soft hairs at the very base, and usually glaucous. Radical leaves 
spreading but withering early, obovate-oblong, sinuate or pinnately 
lobed, with a few forked hairs. Stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, 
clasping the stem by pointed auricles. Flowers small, white or pale 
straw-colour. Pods very long and narrow, erect and crowded in a long 
narrow raceme. Twurritis glabra, Linn. 
On banks and roadsides and in open woods, generally distributed 
over Kurope and Russian Asia, except the extreme north in northern 
America, and in Australia. Irregularly scattered over England and 
southern Scotland, very rare in Ireland. fl. swmmer. The genus 
Turritis, which formerly comprised many species of Arabdis, is still 
maintained by some botanists for this species and a few American 
ones, which have the two rows of seeds rather more distinct than in 
other speeies of Arabis. 
2. A. Turrita, Linn. (fig.57). Zower &., Towercress.—A tall, stiff, erect 
biennial, approaching in size and appearance to the last species, but 
rouzh and somewhat hoary with very short forked or stellate hairs. 
Radical leaves spreading and stalked, stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
sessile and clasping the stem by their rounded auricles, all slightly 
toothed. Flowers srnall, of a dirty yellowish white. Pods above 3 
inches long, on short erect pedicels, but all curved downwards to one 
side, forming a long dense, nodding raceme. Seeds oblong, with a 
membranous border. 
In hedges, or shady banks, and under rocks, in the hilly districts of 
central and southern Europe, and establishes itself readily on old walls 
further north. Indicated at Oxford, at Cambridge, and in Kent, but 
evidently only introduced into Britain. Fl. spring or early summer. 
3. A. hirsuta, Br. (fig. 58). Haery &R.—A rather stiff erect annual or 
biennial, attaining a foot or rather more in height, but often shorter, 
