Brassica. | VI. CRUCIFER, 37 
and more leafy. Radical leaves pinnatifid or pinnate, the lobes or 
segments short and broad, and marked by a few coarse teeth, the upper 
leaves more deeply divided, with narrower segments. Flowers rather 
large, pale yellow. Pods spreading, 14 to above 2 inches long, with a 
thick beak, from a fifth to above a third of the whole pod, and usually 
containing 1 to 3 seeds above the valves. 
In western Europe, and chiefly in the Pyrenees and south-western 
Alps, but extending up the west coast of France to Britain. Fl. summer. 
The smaller state is the most frequent in sandy places on the western 
coasts of Great Britain as far north as Bute, but the more luxuriant 
variety, often distinguished as a species, under the name of Sinapis or 
Brassica Cheiranthus, occurs in Cornwall and the Channel Islands, 
4. B. oleracea, Linn. (fig. 79). Cabbage.—In the wild state the 
Cabbage has a thick, almost woody stock, probably of two or three 
years’ duration, branching into erect stems, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves 
elabrous and glaucous, the lower ones large, stalked, broad, sinuate, 
or lobed at the base, the upper ones oblong, usually sinuate, clasping 
the stem by their broad base, but not projecting into auricles. Flowers 
rather large, pale yellow. Pod spreading, 14 inches or more in length. 
On maritime cliffs, round the Mediterranean, and on the coasts of 
northern France and of southern England, as well as in some more 
northern localites, but there probably escaped from cultivation. I. 
early summer. The cultivated forms of this species include the Cabbage, 
Cauliflower, Broccoli, Kale, Kohlrabbi, &c., of gardeners. [This and the 
following are doubtless forms of one species, the varieties of which are 
variously classed under one or the other. Another division of the 
aggregate species is founded on the leaves and flowers, one having 
leaves glaucous beneath, and flowers pale orange, whilst the other has 
leaves not glaucous, and smaller bright yellow flowers. The Cabbage 
is a type of the first, the Turnip of the other. ] 
5. B. campestris, Linn. (fig. 80). Field B.—In its wild state this is 
an erect, simple, or scarcely branched annual, 1 to 2feet high. Lower 
leaves green and slightly glaucous, more or less pinnately divided, with 
a large terminal lobe, and rough with stiff hairs, which are sometimes 
very copious, and rarely entirely wanting ; upper leaves narrow-oblong or 
lanceolate, clasping the stem with rounded projecting auricles. Flowers 
and pods much like those of B. oleracea, but the petals are usually of a 
brighter yellow. J&B. polymorpha, Syme. 
On borders of fields, and waste places, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia. A frequent weed of cultivation in Britain. Fl. spring 
and summer. The cultivated varieties include the Z'urnip (B. Napus), 
the Rape or Colza (B. Rapa), and probably also the Swedish Turnip (B. 
Rutabaga). 
6. B. alba, Boiss. (fig. 81). Cultivated Mustard.—Stem 1 to 2 feet 
high, glabrous, or with spreading, stiff hairs, Leaves pinnately lobed or 
divided, more or less rough, the lobes ovate or oblong, coarsely toothed, 
the terminai one the largest. Flowers rather large, fruit-pedicels 
spreading. Pod #? to 1 inch long, but more than half occupied by a 
stout flattened beak, often curved, with a single seed in its base, the 
valves and lower part of the beak very hispid with stiff white hairs con- 
cealing the prominent nerves. Sinapis alba, Linn. 
In waste and cultivated places, in Europe and western Asia, and 
