38 - THE CRUCIFER FAMILY. 
often cultivated for salad or forage. Not unfrequent in some parts of 
England and Ireland, more rare in Scotland. Fl. all summer. 
7. B. Sinapis, Visiani. (fig. 82). Charlock, Wild Mustard.—A coarse — 
annual, 1 to 2 feet high, with a few stiff spreading hairs. Leaves 
rough with very short hairs, the lower ones usually with one large oval 
or oblong coarsely toothed segment, and a few smaller ones along the 
leafstalk, the upper ones often undivided, plone orlanceolate. Flowers 
rather large. Pods more or less spreading, 4 1 to 14 inches long, of which 
rather more than a third is occupied by a stout beak, often containing 
a seed in its base; the valves glabrous, or rough with stiff reflexed 
hairs, the lateral nerves prominent. Sinupis arvenis, Linn. B. Sina- 
pistrum, Boiss. 
A native probably of southern Europe, but now one of the most 
abundant weeds of cultivation throughout Europe and Asia, and but 
too common all over Britain. fl. allsummer. 
8. B. nigra, Koch. (fig. 83). Black Mustard.—Less hairy than the 
last two species, and sometimes entirely glabrous, especially in the 
upper part, but the lower leaves and stem are generally slightly hispid. 
Stem 2 feet high ormore. Leaves mostly deeply divided, with one large 
terminal ovate or oblong lobe and a few small lateral ones, the upper 
leaves often small and entire. Flowers rather smaller than in B. Sinapis. 
Pods on short pedicels, closely pressed against the axis of the long 
slender racemes, glabrous, seldom more than half an inch long, with a 
slender style, shghtly conical at the base, the valves marked with a 
strong midrib. Sznapis nigra, Linn. 
On “banks, under hedges, in waste and cultivated places, in central 
and southern Europe and temperate Asia, and much cultivated for its 
seed. Scattered over England, and apparently wild on some points 
of the south coast; rare in Scotland. Perhaps introduced only into 
Britain. Fl. summer. : 
9. B. adpressa, Boiss. (fig. 84). J/oary B.—Very like B. nigra in 
habit and foliage, but more frequently biennial, the stem stiffer and 
harder at the base, the leaves less divided, and more or less hoary with 
short rough hairs. Pods short and closely pressed against the axis, as 
in B. nigra, but terminating in a short, thick, 1-seeded beak, instead of 
a slender style. Seeds rather ovoid, not globular. Sinapis incana, Linn. 
On sandy or arid places near the sea, in southern Europe, extending up 
the west coast to the Channel Islands, andrarely toIreland. Fl. swmmer. 
XII. COGHLEARIA. COCHLEARIA. | 
Annuals or perennials, usually glabrous, with undivided leaves, and 
white flowers. Filaments of the stamens without appendages. Pod 
globular, ovoid or shortly oblong, with a broad partition ; the valves 
very convex. Seeds several in each cell, not bordered, the radicle 
accumbent. 
Besides the common northern species, the genus contains several 
Asiatic and south European ones, some of them intermediate, in 
appearance, between the two very dissimilar ones here associated. — 
The pod is very different from that of any other British white- flowered 
Crucifer. 
7 aoe 
