XII. CARYOPHYLLACES. | 59 
Sub-order 2. ALSINEZ. 
Sepals free, or only very slightly connected at the base. 
Smail, white, scaly stipules at the base of the leaves. 
Styles 3. Leaves linear, cylindrical, OPPO? not clus- 
tered . ! . 11. SPERGULARIA. 
eae 3. Leaves flat, the upper ones " apparently 4 in a 
orl . 13. POLYCARPON. 
Styles 5, ‘Leaves linear, cylindrical, ‘clustered so as to 
appear many in a whorl , ; . 12. SPERQGULA. 
Leaves without any scales or stipules at the base. 
Petals entire, or slightly jagged, or none. 
Sepals 4 or 6, with the same number of styles. 
Capsule opening in 4 or 5 valves. Small, matted, fine ; 
leaved plants. P 5. SAGINA. 
Capsule opening at the top i in 8 or 10 teeth. 
Plant glabrous, stiff, and erect. Petals quite entire . 7. MGNCHIA. 
Plant downy, much pranched. Petals slightly 
notched . ; : 2 : . 9. CERASTIUM. 
Sepals 5. Styles 3 (rarely 4). 
Petals quite entire or0 4 : ; : s . 6 ARENARIA. 
- Petals slightly jagged 8. HOLOSTEUM. 
Petals 2-cleft. 
‘Styles 3. 
Capsule opening to below the middle, in 6 valves . 10. STELLARIA. 
Capsule opening at the top, in 6 short teeth. Alpine 
plant, with narrow leaves . ; CERASTIUM trigynum. 
Styles 5 (rarely 4). 
Stem-leaves sessile. Capsule opening in 10 or 8 short 
teeth . 9. CERASTIUM. 
Stem-leaves cordate, stalked. " Capsule opening in 5 
entire or shortly split valves f STELLARIA aquatica. 
Among exotic genera, several Gypsoph: aie og ee eastern Europe, 
are occasionally cultivated in our flower-gardens, and Cucubalus baccifer, 
from central and southern Hurope, is said to have been formerly found 
in the Isle of Dogs, introduced with ballast. 
1, DIANTHUS. PINK. 
Stiff perennials, or more rarely annuals, with narrow leaves. Calyx 
tubular, 5-toothed, clasped at the base or covered by 2, 4, or 6 broad 
scales or bracts. Petals usually crenate, or jagged. Stamens 10. 
Styles 2. Capsule stalked within the calyx, opening in the top in 4 
teeth or short valves. 
A considerable genus, spread over Kurope and Asia, with a few South 
African species. It is also one of the most natural in the family, 
readily known by the scales under the calyx. 
Annuals. Flowers small, clustered together, the scales as long as 
the calyx. 
Plant glabrous. .Scales broad, dry, and scarious . «fa is <>) LD protiper: 
Plant slightly downy. Scales narrow, herbaceous, with long 
points . 2. D. Armeria. 
Perennials. Flowers few on each stem, distinct, the scales much 
shorter than the calyx. 
Lower leaves not half an inch long, green, and loosely tufted. : 
Calyx-teeth and scales pointed. Flowers scentiess . 3. D. deltoides. 
Lower leaves near an inch, stiff, and glaucous. Calyx- teeth and 
scales broad, obtuse, or ‘with minute points. Flowers scented 4. D. ceesius. 
Among the exotic species cultivated in gardens, are the Sweef- 
William (D. barbatus), the Carnation and Clove Pink (varieties of D. 
Caryophyllus), the Pheasant’s-eye Pink (D. plumarius), all from central 
