80 ; THE HYPERICUM FAMILY. 
Several half-shrubby or shrubby species, from southern Europe, 
America, or the Canary or Azores Islands, are occasionally cultivated 
in our flower- gardens or shrubberies. 
1. H. calycinum, Linn. (fig. 179). Large-flowered H.—Rootstock 
extensively creeping and woody. Stems scarcely a foot high, simple 
or branching at the base only, with large, almost sessile, ovate or 
oblong leaves, very obtuse, green and glabrous, with very small pellucid 
dots. Flowers bright yellow, 3 or 4 inches diameter, 1 or 2 at the top 
of each stem, or, in our gardens, in a corymb of 5 or 6. Sepals nearly 
6 lines long, orbicular, with longitudinal glandular lines, Stamens very 
numerous, long and slender, united at the base into 5 bundles. Styles 5. 
A south-east European species, long cultivated, and now naturalised _ 
in bushy places in several parts of England and Ireland. Fl. swmmer. 
2. H. Androsemum, Linn. (fig. 180). H. Tutsan.—Stock short, some- 
what woody; the flowering stems usually numerous, erect, 14 to 2 feet 
high, simple or slightly branched. Leaves sessile, ovate, obtuse, cordate 
at the base, 2 to 3 inches long, glabrous, with very minute pellucid dots. 
Flowers few, in small corymbs, shorter than the last pair of leaves. 
Sepals broad, 3 or 4 lines long. Petals scarcely longer. Stamens 
numerous, slightly connected at the very base into 5 clusters. Styles 3. 
Capsule globular, slightly succulent before it is ripe, not usually opening 
in valves. 
In shrubby places and open woods, in western and southern Europe, 
extending also far into central Asia. In Britain, all along the west 
side of Great Britain, in Ireland, and southern England, but rare on 
the eastern side. Fl. summer. The plant recently added to our Flora 
as H. anglicum, Bertol., appears to have been represented sometimes by 
a long-styled state of the 7° utsan, sometimes by exotic species escaped 
from cultivation. 
3. H. perforatum, Linn. (fig. 181). St. John’s-wort.—Stock peren- 
nial, with short runners or decumbent barren shoots and erect stems, 
1 to 14 feet high, branching in the upper part, cylindrical or with 2 
slightly prominent opposite angles, and quite glabrous. Leaves sessile, 
oblong, seldom above 6 lines long, marked with pellucid dots, and 
occasionally a few black ones on the under side, the nerves are opaque. 
Flowers bright yellow, in a handsome terminal corymb. Sepals lanceo- 
late, pointed, quite entire, but with a few glandular lines or dots. 
Petals twice as long, marked, as well as the anthers, with black dots. 
Stamens numerous, shortly united into 3 bundles. Styles 3. 
In woods, hedges and thickets, roadsides, &c., throughout Europe, 
extending to the Himalaya and central and Russian Asia, except the 
extreme north, and now introduced into other countries. Abundant in 
Britain. Fl. summer and autumn. , 
4. H. dubium, Leers (fig. 182). Jmperforate H.—Very much like 
IT, perforatum, but the stem is slightly quadrangular, the leaves rather 
larger and broader, and nearly destitute of pellucid dots, but with a 
few black ones along the margin on the under side and pellucid nerves ; 
the sepals much broader, obtuse or scarcely pointed, and the petals 
and stamens much less dotted. 
In similar situations as H. perforatum, almost over all Hurope, espe- 
cially in hilly districts, extending far into Scandinavia, but not an 
Arctic plant. Generally spread over England, southern Scotland and ~ 
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