Hypericum.] XVI, HYPERICINER. 81 
Ireland, but not near so frequent as H. perforatum. Fl. summer. 
[Usually regarded as a variety of H. quadrangulum. ] 
5. H. quadrangulum, Linn. (fig. 183). Square-stalked H.—With 
the general habit of the last two species, this one is readily known 
by the four very prominent angles of the stem, and the rather smaller 
and paler flowers. Leaves ovate, often an inch long, clasping the stem 
at the base, with numerous pellucid nerves and dots, and a few black 
dots round the margin on the under side. Sepals lanceolate and 
pointed. Petals and anthers with very few black dots, or entirely 
without them. 
In moist pastures, by hedges and ditches, in central and southern 
Europe to the Caucasus, extending northward to southern Sweden. 
Common in England, Ireland, and southern Scotland, but decreasing 
in frequency towards the north. Fl. summer. H. undulatum, Schousb., 
(ZH. beticum, Boiss.), found in bogs of Devonshire and Cornwall, appears 
to be a slight variety of H. quadrangulum, with glandular sepals, 
narrower petals, and styles only half the length of the capsule. [Z. 
quadratum, Stokes; (tetraptcrum, Fries.), is a common form or species 
allied to guadrangulum ; it has glandular acuminate sepals, and short 
styles. | 
6. H. humifusum, Linn. (fig. 184). Trading /7.—A low, de- 
cumbent, much branched, almost trailing plant, from 2 or 3 to near 
6 inches long, sometimes forming dense spreading tufts, with a 
perennial rootstock, but often flowering the first year, so as to appear 
annual. Leaves of H. perforatum, but smaller. Flowers few, small, 
of a pale yellow, in short, loose, leafy cymes. Sepals oblong, often 
unequal, entire or with a few glandular teeth, and generally bordered 
by black dots. Petals scarcely so long, with very few black dots. 
Stamens few. . 
In stony heaths, pastures, bogs, and waste places, in central Europe, 
extending northward to southern Sweden, and carried out to some 
other countries with European weeds; frequent in England and 
Ireland, less soin Scotland. JJ. swmmer and autumn. 
7. H. linarifolium, Vahl. (fig. 185). Flax-leaved H.—Intermediate 
in some measure between H. humifusum and H. perforatum ; taller and 
more erect than the former, much smaller and more slender than 
the latter, seldom above 8 or 10 inches high. Leaves linear or narrow- 
oblong, 6 to 8 lines long, rarely marked with pellucid dots, but with 
a few black ones underneath. Flowers in a loose corymb, larger and 
brighter than in H. humifusum ; the sepals oblong or broadly lanceolate, - 
with numerous black dots, and a few glandular teeth on the edge. 
Petals twice or thrice as long as the sepals. Stamens not numerous. 
On dry, hilly wastes and rocky places, in western Spain, Portugal, 
and France, extending to the Channel Islands and to Cape Cornwall, 
in south-western England, and the Teign, in Devonshire. FV. summer. 
8. H. pulchrum, Linn. (fig. 186). Slender H.—Perennial stock, 
shortly decumbent, the stems erect and stiff though slender, 1 to 
near 2 feet high, with short lateral branches, all perfectly glabrous. 
Leaves of the main stem broadly cordate and clasping the stem at the 
base, seldom above 6 lines long, those of the lateral branches smaller 
and much narrower, all marked with pellucid dots, but usually with- 
out black ones, Flowers rather smaller than in A. perforatum, forming 
r 
