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Trifolium. |  KXV. PAPILIONACEA. ; ill 
In pastures, dry meadows, and open woods, in central and southern 
Europe to the Caucasus, but not crossing the Baltic. In Britain, confined 
to a few of the eastern counties of England. fl. summer. 
5. T. pratense, Linn. (fig. 249). Red or Purple C.—Stock usually 
perennial, but of few years’ duration. Stems decumbent or nearly erect, 
1 to 2 feet long, and hairy. Stipules rather large, ovate, veined, with 
long green points. Leaflets obovate or obcordate. Flowers ofa reddish 
purple, about 6 lines long, in dense terminal, ovoid or globular heads, 
with 2 sessile, trifoliolate leaves close at their base, or very rarely the 
heads are shortly stalked above them. Calyx-teeth subulate and hairy, 
the lowest longer than the others. After flowering, the petals turn 
brown, the calyx remains erect, enclosing the usually single-seeded pod. 
In meadows and pastures, throughout Europe and central and northern 
Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle, ascending high up 
into mountain regions. It has, however, been so long cultivated, that in 
some localities it may not be truly indigenous. Abundant in Britain. 
Fl. the whole summer. ['The common form is that cultivated as a fodder 
plant (var. sativum, Schreb.) ; the presumed indigenous state is a small 
one with a shorter corolla, var. parviflora, Bab.] 
6. T. medium, Linn. (fig. 250). Zigzag or Meadow C.—Very much 
resembles 7’. pratense, and may be a mere variety. It is a handsomer 
plant, with narrower stipules and leaflets; the heads of flowers are 
always more or less pedunculate above the last floral leaves, and the 
corolla rather larger, of a brighter and richer colour. The zigzag stem 
is not a very constant differential character, and even the pedunculate 
flower-heads may be occasionally observed also in 7’. pratense. 
In open woods, bushy pastures, on banks and roadsides, in northern 
and central Europe, and across Russian Asia, becoming a mountain 
plant in southern Europe. Generally spread over Britain, but more 
common in southern Scotland and northern England than further north 
or south; extends also into Ireland. Fl. summer. 
7. T. maritimum, Huds, (fig. 251). Sea C.—A pubescent annual, 
with spreading or decumbent stems, seldom above a foot high, and more 
slender than the last three, with much smaller flowers. Stipules long 
and narrow. Leaflets narrow-obovate or oblong. Flower-heads at first 
globular, then ovoid, shortly pedunculate above the last leaves. Calyx- 
teeth at first subulate, the lower one longer than the others, but all much 
shorter than in 7. pratense, and after flowering they are somewhat 
enlarged, stiff, and slightly spreading. Corolla pale pink, rather longer 
than the calyx. T. squarioswm, Linn. 
In salt-marshes and rich meadows near the sea, in southern and 
western Hurope, rarely extending inland along great rivers. In Britain, 
confined to southern England, and has been occasionally found in 
Ireland. £1. summer, rather early. 
8. T. striatum, Linn. (fig. 252). Knotted C—A small, tufted, more 
or less spreading annual, covered with short, soft hairs. Stipules ovate, 
ending ina fine point. Leaflets obovate. Flower-heads small, ovoid 
or globular, chiefly terminal, and closely sessile within the last leaves, 
of which the stipules are very broad and thin, with occasionally 1 or 
2 heads sessile in the axils of the upper leaves. Calyx softly hairy, 
with short but subulate teeth, which remain erect after flowering. 
Corolla very small and pale red. 
