134 | THE ROSE FAMILY. 
b. R. corylifolius. Leaflets green underneath, usually large and broad. 
Flowers not so numerous as in the common variety. In hedges and 
thickets with the common variety, but usually flowering earlier. 
c. R. carpinifolius. Leaflets green underneath, but not so broad, and 
more pointed than in the last, the stems more hairy. Flowers not so 
numerous. Chiefly in woods. 
d. Rk. glandulosus. Leaflets as in the last variety, or sometimes 
broader, the stems with numerous stiff, glandular hairs mixed in with 
the prickles. More frequent in shady woods than in open thickets. 
e. LR. suberectus, Anders. Leaflets green, or slightly hoary underneath. 
Stems shorter, and more erect than in the common forms. Flowers 
usually few, and the fruit not so black. Occasionally found in wet 
woods and thickets, especially in the west. 
[Mr. Baker, who ‘has studied the genus for many years, enumerates 
in the Student’s Flora 22 sub-species of R. fruticosus, including R. cesius 
as one of them. ‘These are divided into three principal groups— 
a. Stems prickly, otherwise glabrous ; includes &. suberectus, fruticosus 
communis, corylifolrus, and cesius. 
b. Stems prickly and hairy, but hairs not glandular ; includes R, 
carpinifolius. 
c. Stems prickly, bristly, and glandular-hairy ; includes R&. glandu- 
losus. | 
3. R. ceesius, Linn. (fig. 309). Dewberry.—Very near R. fruticosus, 
but distinguished by the more slender branches, more or less glaucous 
when young, spreading or creeping along the ground, and seldom 
arched ; the flowers few, in small, loose panicles ; the divisions of the 
calyx narrow, with much longer points, closing more or less over the 
fruit ; and especially by the glaucous bloom covering the fruit when 
ripe. Leaves pale green on both sides. Prickles usually small, with 
few or no hairs intermingled. 
In open fields and stony wastes, seldom penetrating into woods, or 
climbing up into hedges, extending over Europe and Russian Asia, but 
not an Arctic plant. Common in Britain. Fl. summer. It is believed 
by some botanists to be as much connected with &. fruticosus by inter- 
mediate forms as some of the above-enumerated varieties of that species 
are with each other, but generally speaking it is not difficult to dis- 
tinguish it. : 
4. R. saxatilis, Linn. (fig. 310). Stone k.—The rootstock emits a 
few creeping runners rooting at the nodes, and erect or ascending simple 
stems seldom above a foot high, slender and downy, with a few small 
prickles, or: sometimes wholly unarmed. Stipules ovate-oblong or lan- 
ceolate, scarcely adhering to the leafstalk. Leaflets usually 3, much 
like those of #. cesius, thin, and of a pale green. Flowers on slender 
pedicels, 2 or 3 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming very 
short racemes or corymbs, seldom growing out into short, leafy flower- © 
ing branches. Petals of a dirty white or greenish yellow, and very 
narrow. Berries red, with very few rather large carpels. 
In open woods, diffused over the mountain regions of Europe and 
central and Russian Asia; more abundant, and descending to lower 
elevations in more northern latitudes. Frequent in Scotland, in the 
north of England, and along the western counties to South Wales ; 3 in 
Ireland, chiefly in the north. Fl. summer. 
