Rubus.] _  XXVI. ROSACEA. 135 
5. R.Chameemorus, Linn. (fig. 311). Cloudberry.—Rootstock creep- 
ing. Stems simple, herbaceous, unarmed, seldom above 6 inches high. 
Lower stipules entire, in a short sheath, without leaves ; upper ones 
distinct, small, and ovate. Leaves few, rather large, simple, broadly 
orbicular or reniform, toothed, and often more or less deeply cut into 
5,7, or 9 broad lobes. Flowers white, rather large, solitary on terminal 
peduncles. Fruit rather large, of an orange red. 
In turfy bogs, in northern Europe, Asia, and America, generally at 
high latitudes, but descending southwards into northern Germany. 
Abundant on some of the Scotch mountains, and extends also into 
northern England and Wales; very rare in Ireland, and found in the 
north.only. Fl. summer. 
VI. FRAGARIA. STRAWBERRY. 
Habit, foliage, and flowers of Potentilla, but the fruit is succulent, 
formed of the enlarged succulent receptacle, studded on the outside 
with the numerous minute 1-seeded carpels, looking like seeds. 
A genus spread over nearly the whole of the northern hemisphere 
without the tropics, where it consists perhaps but of a single species, 
and represented again by a nearly allied but possibly distinct species 
in southern extra-tropical America, and by another in the Himalaya. 
1. F. vesca, Linn. (fig. 312). Strawberry.—A short, perennial, tufted 
stock emits slender runners, rooting and forming new plants at every 
node. Leaves mostly radical, more or less clothed with soft, silky hairs, 
consisting of 3 ovate, toothed leaflets at the end of a long leafstalk. 
Flower-stems radical, erect, leafless, or with 1 or 2 usually undivided 
leaves, 3 to 6 inches high or rarely more, bearing a small number of 
pedicellate white flowers. Fruit usually red. 
In woods, bushy pastures, and under hedges, throughout Europe and 
Russian and central Asia and in northern America, extending to the 
Arctic regions. Abundant in Britain. Fl. nearly the whole season. The 
hautboy, a rather taller variety, with fewer runners and flowers, usually 
entirely or partially unisexual, and fruit without carpels round its base, 
has been distinguished as a species under the name of F. elatior, Ehrh. ; 
and several other wild or cultivated varieties have been proposed as 
species, but the great facility with which fertile cross-breeds are pro- 
duced gives reason to suspect that almost the whole genus, including even 
the Chilian Pine Strawberry, may prove to consist but of one species. © 
VII. POTENTILLA. POTENTIL. 
Herbs, with a perennial, tufted stock, and occasionally a creeping 
rootstock or runners. Flowering stems usually annual, often very 
short, rarely perennial or partially shrubby. Leaves of 3 or more digi- 
tate or pinnate, distinct segments or leaflets. Peduncles 1-flowered, 
solitary, or forming a dichotomous cyme at the ends of the stem. Calyx 
free, double, that is, of twice as many divisions as there are petals, the 
alternate ones outside the others, and usually smaller. Petals 5 or 
rarely 4. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, small, 1-seeded and 
seed-like, crowded on a receptacle which enlarges but slightly, and 
rarely becomes spongy, never succulent. 
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