136 THE ROSE FAMILY. 
The species are numerous, extending over the whole of the northern 
hemisphere without the tropics, especially in Europe and Asia, penetrat- 
ing into the Arctic regions, and descending along the mountain-ranges 
of America to its southern extremity. The genus, already extended by 
the admission of Tormentilla, Comarum, and Sibbaldia, would perhaps 
be still better defined if Fragaria were likewise included. It would 
then comprise all Rosacee with a double calyx, numerous, distinct, 
1-seeded carpels, not enclosed in its tube, and the styles not trans- 
formed into long, feathery beaks or awns. 
Leaves digitately divided. 
Flowers white . 1. P, Fragariastrum. 
Flowers yellow. . 
Petals 4 in all, or nearly all, the flowers 3. P. Tormentilla. 
Petals 5 in all, or nearly all, the flowers. 
Leaves very white underneath . : 4, P. argentea. 
Leaves green on both sides. 
Stems creeping, and rooting at the nodes 2. P. reptans. 
Stems short and tufted, leaflets 5-7 5. P.'verna. 
Stems short and tufted, leaflets 3. 6. P. Sthbaldi. 
Leaves pinnately divided. 
Flowers dingy purple . 10. P. Comarum. 
Flowers white . : . 9. BP. rupestris. 
Flowers yellow. 
Stem much branched, often shrubby. Leaflets few, ob- 
ong. : : : : : ; : , : . I. P. fruticosa. 
Stem creeping. Leaflets numerous, silky underneath . 8. P. anserina. 
Two red-flowered East Indian species, with digitate leaves, P. nepa- 
lensis and P. atropurpurea, and several of their hybrids, are frequently 
to be met with in our gardens. [P. norvegica, Linn., a hirsute erect 
annual with palmately 3-foliolate leaves and yellow flowers, is natu- 
ralised in several English counties, and multiplying rapidly. ] 
1. P. Fragariastrum, Ehrh. (fig. 313). Strawberry-leaved P.—Re- 
sembles the Strawberry in its short, tufted stems, silky hairs, 3 leaflets 
regularly toothed almost all round, and white flowers; but the 
receptacle does not swell or become succulent as the fruit ripens. 
The stem itself is also often shortly creeping, either under or above 
ground, and the flowering branches are less erect than in the Straw- 
berry; the petals usually smaller, although variable, sometimes narrow 
and scarcely so long as the calyx, sometimes nearly as large as in the 
common wild Strawberry. 
- On banks, dry pastures, and in open woods, in western and central 
Europe, extending northward to South Sweden, and eastward to the © 
Crimea and the Caucasus. Abundant in England, Ireland, and southern 
Scotland, but becoming rare in the Highlands. J. early spring. 
2. P. reptans, Linn. (fig. 314). Cinquefoil.—Stock seldom much 
tufted, with slender, prostrate stems, often rooting at the nodes, and 
sometimes extending to a considerable length. Stipules ovate, mostly 
entire. Leaves all stalked, with 5 obovate or oblong, coarsely toothed 
leaflets. Flowers single, on long peduncles, apparently axillary, or 
rarely forming a loose terminal cyme, as in P. Z'ormentilla. Petals 
large and yellow, mostly 5, but occasionally 4. 
In rich pastures, borders of meadows, edges of woods, and hedges, 
throughout Kurope and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Abun- 
dant in England and Ireland, but decreasing much in Scotland. Fi. 
summer and autumn. Much as the common form of this species differs 
