Rose.] XXVI. ROSACEA. mS 
The most common exotic Roses in our cottage gardens are the Cabbage 
Rose and Moss Roses, varieties of the KR. centifolia, of uncertain origin 
(perhaps not distinct from the &. gallica, from central and southern 
Europe); the Ayrshire Rose, a cultivated variety of the south European 
R. sempervirens ; and the China Roses, varieties of the Asiatic 2. mdica ; 
but several other species from Europe, Asia, and North America, are 
also in general cultivation, and are the parents of numerous garden 
hybrids. 
1, R. pimpinellifolia, Linn. (fig. 329). Burnet or Scotch R.—A 
small, erect, very much branched shrub, usually under a foot high 
when wild, and seldom above 2 feet in cultivation, usually armed with 
numerous unequal, mostly straight, rather slender prickles, often more 
or less intermixed with glandular hairs. Leaflets small, 7 or 9 to each 
leaf, glabrous or with a minute glandular down; the teeth simple, or 
very rarely again toothed. Flowers rather small, white or pink, solitary 
at the end of the short branches; the floral stipules small. Calyx 
_globular or slightly ovoid, and smooth ; the segments lanceolate, almost 
always entire. Carpels all sessile, with free styles. Fruit black, or 
rarely red, globular or nearly so, crowned by the persistent segments 
of the calyx. A. spinosissuma, Linn. 
In dry, bushy wastes, either near the sea or on dry, heathy hills, 
widely spread over Europe and temperate Asia, ascending occasionally 
to considerable elevations, but not extending to the Arctic regions. 
Common in Scotland and in several parts of England and Ireland, 
generally not far from the sea. fl. spring or early summer, and sometimes 
again later. This is the origin of the Scotch Roses of our gardens. 
2. R. villosa, Linn. (fig. 330). Downy R.—In its ordinary state 
this is distinguished from the downy varieties of R. canina chiefly by 
the globular fruit, more or less covered with small, fine prickles, which 
are seldom entirely wanting. It is usually more erect and bushy, the 
prickles of the stem straight or but slightly curved ; the leaflets softly 
downy on both sides, and almost always doubly toothed. Calyx-seg- 
ments long, and often expanded near the top, sometimes all entire, 
sometimes, as in &. canina, some of them more or less pinnately lobed. 
Flowers white or pale pink. 2. tomentosa, Sm. | 
In hedges and thickets, in Europe and western Asia, and chiefly in 
the north, or in the mountain districts of the south. Generally dis- 
tributed over Britain, but chiefly in Scotland, northern and western 
England, and Ireland. J. early summer. The R. pomifera from con- 
tinental Europe appears to be a variety of this species, which, although 
generally very distinct, seems in some localities to pass into forms of 
R. canina. | 
3. R. rubiginosa, Linn. (fig. 331). Sweetbriar.—Very nearly allied 
to R. canina, but in its typical state, as cultivated in our gardens, easily 
recognised by the aromatic scent of the foliage when rubbed. This 
proceeds from: small glands, copiously scattered on the leafstalks and 
the under side and edges of the leaflets, often giving the foliage a rusty 
hue. In the wild state the scent is often very faint, although the 
glands are still numerous. The plant is usually more slender than R. 
canina, the prickles curved or hooked, often intermixed with glandular 
hairs ; the leaflets rather small, and almost always doubly toothed ; 
the flowers pink, usually solitary, rather smaller than in R. canina. 
