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144 THE ROSE FAMILY. 
Fruit ovoid or oblong, smooth, or rarely bearing a very few small 
prickles. &. micrantha, Sm. 
In hedges and thickets, in central and southern Kurope and central 
Asia, extending northwards into Scandinavia. In Britain, chiefly in 
southern and eastern England, apparently rare in northern and western 
England, Scotland, and Ireland. 1. early summer. 
4. R. canina, Linn. (fig. 332). Dog &.—Rootstock woody, frequently 
producing suckers. Stems of several years’ duration, often the first 
year erect and simple to the height of 3 or 4 feet ; the flowering stems 
of two or more years branched, rather weak and straggling, attaining 
6 or 8 feet in length, usually glabrous, and without glands, armed with 
curved or hooked prickles. Leaflets 5 or sometimes 7, ovate, usually 
simply toothed and glabrous, or downy on the under side, and then 
often doubly toothed. Flowers pink or white, usually sweet-scented, 
solitary or 3 or 4 together at the ends of the branches; the stipules of 
the undeveloped floral leaves forming elliptical bracts. Fruit ovoid or 
rarely nearly globular, without bristles, although there are often a few © 
on the pedicels; the 5 divisions of the calyx persistent, spreading or 
reflexed, either all dilated at the top and entire, or more frequently 
1 pinnate on both sides, 2 on one side only, and the other 2 entire. 
Styles free, but collected in a dense hairy mass scarcely protruding 
from the orifice of the calyx-tube. Central carpels always distinctly 
stalked, according to Koch, a character which requires further verifica- 
tion. R. cesia, Sm. 
In hedges and thickets, the commonest Rose throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia, Abundant in Britain. Fl. summer, rather early. It varies 
considerably in the foliage, either quite glabrous or more or less downy, 
especially underneath, and often glandular at the edges, but never so 
much so as in R. rubiginosa, nor so downy as in R., villosa, from which it 
is usually readily distinguished by the prickles and the fruit. The 
plants usually named R. collina, Eng. Bot., or &. systyla, Bast., appear 
to be generally reducible to R. canina; the ‘character derived from the 
free or cohering styles is sometimes deceptive. [These are referred to 
arvensis by Mr. Baker, the first authority on the genus. ] 
5. R. arvensis, Linn. (fig. 333). /ield R.—A much more trailing plant 
than FR. canina, often extending to many feet, with slender branches. 
Foliage and prickles nearly as in that species, but the leaflets are usually 
more glabrous and shining on the upper side, rarely slightly downy. 
Prickles usually small, and much hooked. Flowers white and scentless, 
usually 3 or 4 together at the end of the branches, rarely solitary. 
Fruit globular or nearly so, without bristles ; the calyx-divisions mostly 
entire, and falling off before the fruit is ripe. Styles usually united in 
a column protruding from the orifice of the calyx-tube, and the carpels 
all quite sessile, but neither of these characters appear to be quite 
constant. 
In hedges and thickets with R. canina, in western and central 
Kurope, and often as common, but not extending so far to the north, 
nor apparently into eastern Europe. Abundant in England and Ireland, 
but becomes scarce in Scotland. Fl. summer, lasting much later than 
&. canina. 
