146 . THE ROSE FAMILY. 
In woods and hedgerows, in the temperate regions of Europe and 
Asia, extending northwards into southern Sweden, Scattered over 
Britain, but in so many instances escaped from cultivation, that it 
cannot be affirmed to be really indigenous. Fl. spring. [P. cordaia, 
Desv. (P. Briggsit, Syme), is a curious form found, apparently wild, in 
Cornwall, with more ovate leaves, and very small fruit. ] 
2. P. Malus, Linn. (fig. 335). Crab-apple.-—The Apple-tree-never - 
grows to the height of the Pear, and assumes a more spreading shape. 
The leaves are very nearly the same, but generally downy underneath, 
with a shorter and stouter stalk. The inflorescence is also the same, 
except that the peduncles issue from nearly the same point, instead of 
being arranged in a short raceme along a common axis; the divisions ~ 
of the calyx are broader and downy, the flowers often assume a pinkish 
hue, the styles are shortly united at the base, and the fruit is nearly 
globular, and flat or hollowed at the base by the stalk. 
As widely spread as the Pear-tree over Hurope and western Asia, it - 
extends farther northward into Scandinavia. Equally scattered over 
Britain, but with more probability of its being a true native, Fl. spring. 
In a wild state it produces the small acrid-fruited Crab Apple, but the 
Apples, Pippins, Codlins, &c., of our orchards all belong to the same 
species. 
8. P. Aria, Ehrh. (figs 336). Beam-tree—Often a mere shrub, but 
growing into a tree of moderate size, with a rather broad head; the 
inflorescence, the young shoots, and the under side of the leaves 
covered with a soft, white cotton. Leaves ovate or obovate, green and 
glabrous on the upper side, always sharply toothed, sometimes undi- 
vided, sometimes more or less pinnately lobed; the lobes rounded at 
the top, and not acuminate as in P. torminalis. Flowers white, in 
corymbs at the ends of short, leafy branches, but not near so numerous 
as in P. Aucuparia, and rather larger, the lateral peduncles bearing 
seldom more than 38 or 4. Styles usually 2 only. Berries globular or 
ovoid, and red. | 
In woods, in central Europe, and in the mountain-ranges of southern 
Europe and central Asia, extending eastward to the Altai and Himalaya, 
and northward into Scandinavia. Generally distributed over Britain, 
but more frequent in England and Ireland than in Scotland. Fl. spring 
or early summer. ‘The more or less cut-leaved varieties are sometimes 
considered as species, under the names of P. intermedia, latifolia, 
scandica, pinnatifida, and fennica ; these are not uncommon in the north 
of Europe, and are occasionally found in the north of England, Ireland, 
and Scotland ; and some are supposed to be hybrids between Aria and 
Aucuparia. 
4. P. torminalis, Ehrh. (fig. 337). Wild Service-tree.—A tall shrub 
or moderately-sized tree, with the inflorescence and under side of the 
leaves, when young, clothed with a loose down, which disappears as 
they grow old. Leafstalks slender ; leaves broad, and divided to near 
the middle into a few broad, pointed lobes, bordered with small teeth. — 
Flowers in corymbs at the ends of short leafy branches, white, fewer 
and larger than in P. Aucuparia; more numerous and rather smaller 
than in P. Aria. Styles usually 2, united to above the middle. Berries 
ovoid or globular, small and brownish. 
, In woods, in central and southern Europe to the Caucasus, scarcely j 
