Po Se te fae - ee 
. x or. F pe ol 
Pyrus.] XXVI ROSACE. 147 
extending into northern Germany. In Britain only in southern and 
central England. /. spring. 
5. P. Aucuparia, Gertn. (fig. 338). Rowan-tree, Mountain Ash.— 
A moderate-sized tree, distinguished from all the foregoing by the 
regularly pinnate leaves. Leaflets 11 to 19, in pairs along the common 
stalk, with a terminal one at some distance from the last pair; all 
narrow-oblong, toothed, from 1 to near 2 inches long, glabrous or 
nearly so above, more or less downy underneath. Flowers white, rather 
small, but very numerous, in showy corymbs at the ends of short leafy 
branches. Peduncles and calyx more or less downy. Styles rather 
short, usually 3, almost glabrous and free from the base. Berries 
numerous, small, globular, of a bright red. 
In woods, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, especially in moun- 
tainous districts and at high latitudes, where it shrinks into a stunted 
shrub. Generally distributed over Britain in a wild state, besides being 
much planted. Jl. spring or early summer. The cultivated Service-tree 
(P. domestica) has precisely the foliage of P. Aucuparia, of which it is 
believed by some to be a variety produced by cultivation. The flowers 
are rather larger and the styles often woolly, but the only real distinc- 
tion is in the fruit, which is very much larger, assuming the form of a 
little pear. It has been inserted in British Floras on a single tree.in the 
forest of Wyre, near Bewdley, which has, however, been in all proba- 
bility planted there. 
XIV. CRATAGUS. HAWTHORN. 
Shrubs, seldom growing into trees, mostly armed with stout thorns 
formed of abortive branches, and differing from Pyrus only in the hard 
bony consistence of the cells of the fruit. 
The genus is, like Pyrus, spread over the temperate regions of the 
northern hemisphere, but the species are more numerous in North 
America than in Europe and Asia. Among those most frequently 
cultivated in our shrubberies and gardens are the C. pyracantha from 
south-eastern Europe, and the C. Crus-galli, and some other North 
American ones. The evergreen C. glabra, from China, now forms the 
genus Photinia. 
1. ©. Oxyacantha, Linn. (fig. 339). Hawthorn, May, Whitethorn.— 
A thorny shrub or small tree, glabrous or more or less downy on the 
calyxes and young foliage. Leaves stalked, narrowed at the base, and 
more or less divided upwards into 8 or 5 lobes or segments, which are 
irregularly toothed or even lobed. Flowers white or pink, sweet- 
scented, in sessile corymbs on short leafy branches. Petals broad. 
Styles 1, 2, or 38. Fruit red, globular or ovoid, crowned by the short 
divisions of the calyx, and containing a hard, bony, 1- or 2-celled nut, 
each cell with a single seed. 
In woods, thickets, and hedges, throughout Europe and central-and 
Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Abundant in Britain, and 
universally cultivated for artificial hedges. Fl. spring or early summer. 
It varies much in the form of its leaves, the down of its foliage and 
calyx, the number of styles; and the colour and size of the flower and 
fruit. [A variety with more deeply cut leaves, pubescent calyx and 
smaller later fruits of 1 carpel, is the C. monogyna, Jacq.] é 
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