Saxifraga. | KXXII. SAXIFRAGACESA. 167 
3. S. Hirculus, Linn. (fig. 378). Marsk S.—Perennial stock still 
shorter than in the last, and often reduced to a small tuft. Leaves 
alternate, narrow-oblong or linear, and entire. Flowering stems ascend- 
ing, as in S. aizoides, to about 6 inches, but terminated by a single, 
rather large flower; the calyx almost entirely free, with oblong, reflexed 
divisions, not half so long as the erect, narrow-obovate or oblong, yellow 
petals. Capsule rather large, ending in 2 spreading beaks. 
In wet moors, at high elevations, chiefly in the mountain-ranges of 
eastern Hurope, Asia, and generally round the Arctic Circle; rare in 
western Hurope. In Britain, only in a few localities in northern 
England, middle and southern Scotland and Ireland. Jf. August. 
4. S. hypnoides, Linn. (fig. 379). Cut-leaved S.—Perennial stock 
usually shortly creeping and rather slender, much branched with 
numerous decumbent barren shoots, attaining, in most situations, 2 or 
3 inches, but sometimes contracted into a short, dense tuft. Leaves 
mostly entire, 2 or 3 lines long, narrow-linear and pointed, but some of 
the larger ones are often 38-lobed, or even 5-lobed, and attain half an 
inch; they are glabrous, or more or less ciliated with slender, often 
glandular hairs. At the ends of the shoots, and in the axils of the 
leaves, the leaf-tufts are often somewhat enlarged and crowded into an 
oblong head or bulb. Flowering stems 38 to 6 inches high, with very 
few leaves, and from 1 to 6 or 8 rather large, white flowers. Calyx 
adherent to about two-thirds the length of the capsule; the segments 
not one-third so long as the petals, and usually more or less pointed. 
In rather moist, rocky situations, in the mountains of western Europe, 
descending occasionally to low, hilly districts. Not uncommon in Scot- 
land, Ireland, Wales, and northern England, but very local in the 
southern counties, and only in the western of these, as in Somerset and 
north of it. fl. summer. Very variable in the development of its stems, 
leaves and flowers, in the more or less viscid hairs, and in the leaves and 
calyx-segments. This has given rise to numerous supp sed species ; and 
to some of its varieties having been mistaken for S. geranioides, S. mus- 
coides, and other Continental species. [S. Sternbergii, Willd. (Aibernica, 
Haw.), is a robust Arctic and Kuropean form, found in Ireland, with 
obtuse lobes of the leaves and calyx. 8S. decipiens, Hhrh., has closer tufts, 
acute leaf-lobes, and subacute calyx-lobes. S. sponhemica, Gmel., is also 
closely tufted, with acute leaf-lobes on long barren shoots and lanceolate 
acute calyx-lobes; it is the most common British form. ] 
5. S. ceespitosa, Linn. (fig. 380). Zujfted S.—Very near to the last, 
but never emitting the weak, procumbent barren shoots of that species ; 
the leaves broader, more obtuse, and more frequently lobed, and the 
calyx-divisions also obtuse. The short, leafy stems are crowded into 
dense tufts; the flowering stems from 2 to 3 inches high generally 
covered with a short glandular down, and bearing 1 or 2 white flowers, 
smaller than in S. hypnoides. 
A high northern and Arctic plant. In Britain, only on some of the 
highest Scotch, Welsh, and Irish mountains. Fl. summer. High alpine 
forms of S. hypnoides have been frequently mistaken for this plant, and 
are not indeed always easy to distinguish from it. 
6. S. granulata, Linn. (fig. 381). Meadow S.—Perennial stock re- 
duced to a number of small bulbs, covered with whitish or brown hairy 
scales. Stems erect, 6 inches to a foot high, simple or slightly branched 
