—_ 
oy: 
Sium.] XXXV. UMBELLIFERZ. 185 
XI. SIUM. SIUM. 
Leaves pinnate. Umbels compound, with general and partial in- 
volucres. Calyx-teeth often prominent. Petals white, notched with an 
inflected Js Fruit broadly ovoid, somewhat compressed laterally. 
Carpels with 5 slender ribs, and several vittas under each interstice. 
A small genus spread over almost all temperate regions of the globe; 
resembling Apiwm in the shape of the fruit, but with the calyx-teeth 
usually prominent as in Cicuta, and differing from both in the more 
numerous vittas. 
Stem usually 3 or 4 feet. Umbels all terminal; rays usually 15 
TOPOCY . ; . 4 ; F ; ; 1. S. latifolium. 
Stem much branched, seldom above 2 feet. “Umbels mostly 
lateral ; rays usually 10 to 15. : ; : . 2 S. angustifolium. 
1, S. latifolium, Linn. (fig. 415). WV, ater Parsnip.—A glabrous 
perennial, with a creeping rootstock, and stout erect stems 2 to 4 feet 
high. Lower leaves very long, with 6 to 20 pairs of ovate-lanceolate 
segments, sessile on the common stalk, toothed or rarely slightly lobed, 
often 2 to 4 inches long; the upper leaves shorter, with fewer and smaller 
segments. Umbels rather large, of 15 to 20 rays, and all terminal. Invo- 
lucres, both general and partial, of several lancelote bracts, often toothed. 
Fruits about 14 lines long and broad, the small pointed teeth of the calyx 
usually very distinct. 
In wet ditches and on the edges of streams throughout Europe, except 
the extreme north; replaced in Asia by a closely allied species or variety. 
In Britain, not unfrequent in southern and central England and in 
Ireland, more rare in the north, and very local in southern Scotland. 
Fl. summer. 
2 S. angustifolium, Linn. (fig. 416). Zesser S.—Resembles the 
S. latifolium, but is not so tall, more branched and leafy, seldom 2 feet 
high, and in dried-up ditches often less than a foot, and decumbent. 
Seements of the leaves smaller, 8 to 10 pairs in the lower leaves, fewer 
in the upper ones, from ovate to ovate-lanceolate, more deeply and sharply 
toothed or lobed than in S. latifolium. Umbels more numerous, smaller, 
on shorter peduncles, mostly lateral, with 8 to 12 or 15, rarely more, 
rays. Involucral bracts, varying from broad lanceolate to linear, often 
toothed. Fruit smaller than in S, latifoliwm, the ribs less prominent, the 
vittas less superficial, the calyx-teeth very minute. S. erectum, Huds. 
In wet ditches and shallow streams, throughout temperate and southern 
Kurope and western Asia, from south Sweden to Persia. In Britain 
rather more common than S. latifoliwm in the greater part of England 
and Ireland, but becoming scarce in northern England and eastern Scot- 
land ; in west Scotland it has been found only in Wigtown. Fl. summer. 
XII. PIMPINELLA. PIMPINEL. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, without involucres. Petals 
broad, notched, with an inflected point. Fruit short, somewhat laterally 
compressed, without visible calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 scarcely 
prominent ribs, 2 or 3 vittas under each interstice, and several vittas on 
the inner face. 
The genus, as now usually limited, contains a considerable number of 
species, chiefly from the Mediterranean region and west-central Asia. 
