Enanthe.] XXXV. UMBELLIFERZ. | 189 
with a few long branches. Leaves much more divided than in the last 
species, but very variable; the upper ones usually with long, narrow 
segments, those of the radical leaves much shorter and broader, and 
sometimes very numerous. Umbels of 8 to 15 rather short rays; the 
general invoiucre of a few small, linear_bracts, cr sometimes wanting ; 
the partial ones of several small, linear bracts. The fertile sessile or 
shortly pedicellate flowers, and the distinctly pedicellate barren ones 
are mixed in the same umbels; the persistent styles of the ripe fruits 
much shorter than in @. jistulosa. 
In meadows, pastures, and marshes, throughout central and southern 
Hurope, extending northwards to the Baltic, and eastward to the 
Caucasus. Abundant in many parts of England and Ireland, but does 
not penetrate far into Scotland. Jl. summer and autumn. The great 
variations in the tubers of the roots and in the form of the radical leaves 
has induced its division into two, three or four species. ‘These differ- 
ences have, however, been shown to depend often on soil and situation ; 
at the same time rather more constant differences have been pointed 
out in the fruiting umbels, although even here intermediate states show 
that the three following should be considered rather as marked varieties 
than as true species. 
a. A. pimpinelloides, Linn. Root-fibres usually tuberous. Leaf seg- 
ments entire or acutely cut. Flowers assuming occasionally a faint 
tinge of yellowish-green. Fruiting pedicels (although very short) en- 
larged at,the top so as to form a callosity round the base of the fruit, 
which is itself fully as broad at the baseasat the top. In dry or moist, 
but not marshy meadows and pastures, rare, found only in the southern 
counties of England. 
b. @. Lachenalit, Gmel. Root-fibres usually cylindrical. Leaf-seg- 
ments obtusely lobed. Flowers of a purer white; the fruiting pedicels 
less conspicuous, but little enlarged at the top; the fruits either 
cylindrical or narrowed at the base. In wet marshes, and especially 
in maritime salt-marshes, found as far north as Argyleshire, and in 
Ireland. ‘ . 
[c. G. peucedanifolia, Poll. Root-fibres usually spindle-shaped, leaves 
more pinnate, with cuneate 2- or 3-lobed segments. Fruiting pedicels 
not enlarged at the top; the fruit itself sub-cylindrical. Marshes and 
ditches in the southern counties of England only. ] 
3. GE. crocata, Linn. (fig. 425). Hemlock G.—A stout, branched 
species, attaining 3 to 5 feet; the root-fibres forming thick, elongated 
tubers close to the stock; the juice both of the stem and roots becom- 
ing yellow when exposed to the air. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate ; 
the segments much larger than in the other species, always above half 
an inch long, broadly cuneate or rounded, and deeply cut into 3 or 5 
lobes. Umbels on long, terminal peduncles, with 15 to 20 rays, 2 inches 
long or more; the bracts of the involucres small and linear, several in 
the partial ones, few or none under the general umbel. The pedicellate 
flowers at the circumference of the partial umbels are mostly but not 
always barren, the central fertile ones almost sessile. Fruit somewhat 
corky, the ribs broad and scarcely prominent. 
In wet ditches, and along rivers and streams in western Europe, 
extending eastward into Italy, but not into central France. Common 
in England, Ireland, and Scotland. 7. swmmer. 
