192 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. 
divided into 3, each branch bearing 3 broadly ovate or obovate ached iy 
segments, or 1 segment deeply divided into 3 lobes, each segment above 7 
an inch long. Upper leaves less divided, with short stalks. Umbels of ; 
- 12 or 20 rays, with a general involucre of 2 or 3 very narrow bracts, and 
more numerous ones to the partial umbels. Fruit near 4 lines long. 
A high northern plant, extending all round the Arctic Circle. Common 
onthe rocky sea-coasts of Scotland and northern Ireland, descending also 
to the north-east of England. //. summer. y 
XIX. SILAUS. SILAUS. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of several 
bracts. Flowers yellowish. Petals scarcely notched. Fruit nearly of 
Ligusticum, ovoid, but slightly compressed, with the ribs scarcely acute, 
and the vittze much less conspicuous. 
A genus of 2 or 3 European and Asiatic species, but slightly differing 
from Ligusticum, chiefly in the colour of the flowers. 
1. S. pratensis, Bess. (fig. 431). Pepper Suxifrage.—A glabrous, erect 
perennial, 1 to 2 or sometimes near 8 feet high, slightly branched. Leaves 
once, twice, or three times pinnate ; the segments not numerous, narrow- 
oblong, 4 to 1 inch long, entire or 3-lobed. Umbels all terminal, not 
large, of about 6 to 8 rays. General involucres usually of 1 or 2 small 
bracts, with several small narrow-linear ones to the partial umbels. 
Flowers of a pale greenish-yellow. Carpels about 2 lines long. 
In meadows, and moist, bushy pastures, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia, except the extreme north. In Britain, spread over England 
and south-eastern Scotland, but scarce in the western counties and in 
Ireland. Fl. summer, rather late. 
XX. MEUM. SPIGNEL. | 2 
Leaves finely dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of 
several bracts. Petals white or pink, entire, with an incurved point. 
Fruit oblong, without distinct calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 prominent 
acute ribs, and 2 or 3 vittas under each furrow. 
A genus of 2 or 3 Huropean species, differing by characters of very 
little importance from Ligusticum, with which some botanists unite it. 
1. M. athamanticum, Jacq. (fig. 432). Spignel Meu, Baldmoney.— 
Stock short, perennial, covered with the fibrous remains of old leaves, 
and emitting a tuft of radical leaves; their segments deeply cut into — 
numerous very fine, but short lobes, so as to have the appearance of — 
being whorled or clustered along the common stalk, as in Carum verti- — 
cillatum, but the stalk itself is once or twice pinnately divided, not simple — 
as in that plant. Stems 1 or rarely near 2 feet high, with a very few ~ 
smaller and less divided leaves. Umbels terminal, not large, of 10 to 15 F 
rays, with 1 or 2 narrow bracts to the general one, and partial involucres — 
of a small number of short, slender bracts. Fruits about 4 lines long. 
In mountain pastures, in western and central Europe, not extending 
eastward beyond the Russian frontier, nor northward into Scandinavia, 
