i THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. 
XXIII. PEUCEDANUM. PEUCEDAN. y 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of 
many bracts. Petals white or yellowish, entire or notched, with an 
inflected point. Fruit flattened from front to back; the calycine . 
teeth very small or indistinct. Carpels broad, with 3 prominent ribs 
on the back, the edges expanded into a wing, those of the 2 carpels 
so close as to form a single edge to the fruit before the carpels separate. 
Vittas single under the furrows. 
A large genus, widely spread over Europe, Asia, and North America, 
scarcely differing from Heraclewm except in the more evident ribs of the 
carpels, the more slender vittas, and generally in habit. 
Segments of the leaves narrow-oblong or linear. 
Leaves several times ternate. Flowers yellowish  . : » 1. P. officinale. 
Leaves twice or three times pinnate. Flowers white 3 . 2. P. palustre. 
Leaves of 3 broad phe, each one 3 inches lone and often 
3-lobed . : é ; : : ‘ . 3& BP. Ostruthium. 
The Diilseed (Anethuim et often cultivated as a condiment, 
has the fruit of a Peucedanum, with the fine leaves of a Feniculum. 
1. P. officinale, Linn. (fig. 435). Hog’s Fennel, Sulphur-weed.—A 
glabrous perennial, with erect, branching stems, 2 or even 3 feet high. 
Leaves 3, 4, or 5 times ternate, with narrow-linear entire segments, 
often above 2 inches long. Umbels large, of 20 or more rays, with 
pale yellow flowers. Bracts of the general involucre very few or 
wanting; those of the partial involucres very narrow and shorter 
than the pedicels. Fruit broadly oval, near 3 lines long. 
In meadows and moist pastures, in central and eastern Europe and 
Russian Asia, or near the sea in western Europe. Very rare in Britain: 
forms of @nanthe pimpinelloides or of Silaus pratensis have been so 
frequently mistaken for it, that the only certain stations are the salt 
marshes of Kent and Essex, and the Channel islands. Fl. summer and 
autunn. 
2. P. palustre, Mcench. (fig. 486). Hog’s Fennel, Milk Parsley.— 
Tall and erect like the last, but often hairy at the base, and the juice 
is milky. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate rather than ternate with 
much shorter segments, varying from oblong to linear, and seldom 
exceeding half an inch. Umbels not so large as in P. officinale although 
consisting of as many rays. Flowers white. Involucres both general 
and partial, of several lanceolate or linear bracts, with fine points. 
Fruit broadly oval, about 2 lines long. 
In wet meadows and marshes, in central, eastern, and northern 
Europe, and Russian Asia, to the Arctic Circle. Apparently wanting 
in western France, although it extends into Spain. Like P. officinale, 
very local in Britain, and only known for certain in the marshes of 
eastern England, from Suffolk to Yorkshire, and in Somerset. Fl. late 
in summer. 
3. P. Ostruthium, Koch. (fig. 487). Master-wort.—Stock perennial, — 
with stout, erect stems, 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves divided into 3 large, — 
broad segments, which are again deeply 3-lobed and coarsely toothed, — 
3 to 4 inches long, and often rather rough with a few short hairs, but 
much less so than in Heraclewm; the lateral segments descend much 
lower along the leafstalk on the outer than on the inner side. Umbels 
large, terminal, of 40 or 50 rays, without any general involucre, and 
x4 49° 3 r 
