196 : THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. 
In meadows, pastures, hedges, and thickets, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia. In Britain, one of the commonest of our Umbellifere. 
Fl. summer and autumn. 
XXXVI. TORDYLIUM. HARTWORT. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with general and partial in- 
volucres. Flowers white or pink, the outer petals often larger. Fruits 
flattened from front to back, with a single thick border (splitting only 
by the separation of the carpels), and covered with stiff hairs or 
tubercles. Carpels broad, with the ribs scarcely visible, and 1 or 3 | 
vittas under the interstices. 
A small genus, chiefly from the Mediterranean region, with the 
appearance of Caucalis, but readily known by the flat fruit. 
1. T. maximum, Linn. (fig. 440). Great H.—An erect annual, 2 
feet or rather more in height, rough with short, stiff hairs. Leaves 
pinnate, with 5, 7, or 9 segments, lanceolate or almost ovate, and 
coarsely toothed ; the lateral ones 1 to 2 inches, the terminal ones 
usually longer. Umbels terminal, of 8 to 10 short rays, with a few 
rather long, narrow bracts to the involucres. Petals all small and pink. 
Fruits about 3 lines long, the thickened border very prominent. 
In waste and cultivated lands, in southern Hurope, and eastward to 
the Caucasus ; more rare as a weed of cultivation in central Europe. 
In Britain, only in Middlesex, Oxford, and Buckinghamshire. 1. 
summer. 
XXVIII. SCANDIX. SCANDIX. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial inyolnenes of 
several bracts, and white flowers. Fruit linear, with a very long, smooth 
beak. Carpels (below the beak) with 5 obtuse ribs, without vittas. 
Albumen of the seed with a longitudinal furrow on the inner face. 
A small but distinct genus, ranging chiefly over the Mediterranean 
region and west-central Asia, 
1. S. Pecten, Linn. (fig. 441). Shepherd’s necdle, Venus’s comb.—A 
branching annual, erect or spreading, 6 inches to a foot high, and more 
or less hairy. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, with short segments cut 
into narrow lobes. Umbels terminal, of 2 or 3 rays, without general 
involucres ; partial involucres of several lanceolate bracts, often 2 or 
3-lobed at the top. Flowers almost sessile, small and white, with a 
few large outer petals. Fruits attaining near 2 inches; the carpels at 
the base cylindrical and ribbed, 4 or 5 lines long, the remainder occupied ~ 
by a stiff, flattened beak, often compared to the tooth of a comb. 
In fields and waste places, throughout Europe and west-central Asia. 
Frequent as a cornfield weed in England, Ireland, and the south of Scot- — 
land, but decreasing further northward. Fl. with the corn. 
: 
2 
= 
re 
XXVIII. MYRRHIS. CICELY. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of © 
several bracts, and white flowers. Fruit narrrow-oblong not beaked. — 
Carpels with 5 very prominent, acute ribs, which are hollow inside, ~ 
and no vittas. Albumen of the seed with a deep longitudinal i 
on the inner face. . 
