Cherophyllune. | XXXV. UMBELLIFERA., 199 
over Europe and Russian Asia. Rather frequent in England and 
Scotland, more scarce in Ireland. fl. spring and early summer. 
XXXI, CAUCALIS. CAUCALIS. 
Hairy annuals, with dissected leaves. Umbels usually compound, 
with partial involucres of several simple bracts, or rarely wanting. | 
Outer petals usually larger, and deeply bifid. Fruit ovoid, covered with 
prickles or bristles. Carpels with 3 or 7 dorsal ribs, and 2 on the inner 
face ; vittas single under each furrow. Albumen more or less furrowed 
on the inner face. 
A small European, Asiatic, and African genus, one of the few natural 
ones in the family, if retained entire. It is well distinguished from 
DPaucas by the involucre, the shape of the fruit, and the albumen ; from 
the bristle-fruited Chwrophyllum by the want of the smooth tip to the 
fruit ; from all other British compound umbelled Umbellifere by the 
bristled fruits. 
Umbels opposite to the leaves, sessile, or on peduncles shorter 
than the rays. 
Umbels contracted into little sessile heads. Fruit short. . C. nodosa. 
Umbels of 3 or 4 slender rays. Fruit oblong, witha short beak Cher ophyllum. 
Umbels terminal, or on peduncles longer than the rays Anthriscus. 
Fruit not 2 lines long, with short bristles, mostly hooked. 
General involucre of several bracts (often very Boge one 
under each of the outerrays . . 2. C. Anthriscus. 
General involucre of a single bract or entir ely wanting . s idm, Ce QFUCHSES: 
Fruit 3 or 4 lines long or more, with long prickles. 
Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, with much cut, shortsegments 4. C. daucoides. 
Leaves once pinnate, with long pinnatifid segments ‘ . C. latifolia. 
1. C. nodosa, Sm. (fig. 447). Knotted Caucalis.—Stems procumbent 
or spreading, scarcely a foot long. Leaves twice pinnate, with small, 
narrow, pointed segments. Umbels forming little heads, closely sessile, 
and Opposite to the leaves; they are sometimes composed of 2 or 3 
exceedingly short, scarcely distinct rays, sometimes of a simple cluster. 
Fruits smaller than in the other species ; the outer ones covered with 
short, straight or hooked bristles, which on the inner ones are reduced 
to mere tubercles. Torilis nodosa, Linn. 
On roadsides and in waste places, in the limestone districts of central 
and southern Europe, and eastward to the Caucasus, extending north- 
ward chiefly as a weed .of cultivation. Common in sunny places in 
southern England and Ireland, more rare in the north and in southern 
Scotland. Fl. spring and summer. 
2. C. Anthriscus, Huds. (fig. 448). Hedge Parsley.—Stem erect, 
attaining 2 or even 3 feet, with slender, wiry branches, sprinked, as well 
as the leaves, with appressed, stiff hairs. Leaves once, or the lower 
ones twice pinnate; the segments lanceolate, pinnatifid, or coarsely 
toothed; the lower ones of each leaf stalked, and remote from the 
others. Umbels on long, slender peduncles, rather small, of from 3 to 
7 or 8 rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of small, subulate 
bracts, one close under each ray and often readily distineuished at first 
sight. Petals pink or white, not very unequal in size. Fruit a small 
burr, being covered with short, rough bristles, more or less curved 
inwards, or hooked at the top. Torilis Anthriscus, Linn, 
