Daucus.] XXXV. UMBELLIFERA. 201 
1. D. Carota, Linn. (fig. 452). Common C.—An erect annual or 
biennial, 1 to 3 feet high, with a tap-root. Lower leaves twice or thrice 
pinnate, with deeply 3-lobed or pinnatifid segments, usually lanceolate 
or linear, sometimes short and crenate ; upper leaves with fewer and 
narrower divisions. Umbels terminal, rather large, with numerous 
crowded rays; the inner ones very short, the outer much longer, and 
usually closing over after flowering, so as to give a concave or globular 
form to the umbel, with the fruit inside. Bracts of both involucres 
usually divided into 8 or 5 long linear lobes, Fruit covered with prickles, 
of which the larger ones are often much flattened at the base. 
Probably an original native of the sea-coasts of southern Europe, but 
of very ancient cultivation, and sows itself most readily, soon degenerat- 
ing to the wild form with a slender root, and now most abundant in 
fields, pastures, waste places, &c., throughout Europe and Russian Asia. 
Common in Britain, especially near the sea. Fl. the whole summer and 
autumn. A maritime variety, with the leaves somewhat fleshy, with 
shorter sezments, more or less thickened peduncles, more spreading 
umbels, and more flattened prickles to the fruits, is, D. gummzfer, Lamck., 
’ D. maritimus, With., but in many seaside localities a regular passage from 
that to the common form may be readily traced. 
XXXII. CONIUM. HEMLOCK. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with general and partial invo- 
lucres and small white flowers. Fruit broadly ovate, somewhat laterally 
compressed, without distinct calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 prominent 
ribs, which when ripe are often slightly waved or crenated. No vittas. 
Albumen with a deep longitudinal furrow on the inner face. 
A single species, with the short fruit of an Apiwm or Cicuta, but differ- 
ing essentially in the deeply furrowed albumen. 
1. ©. maculatum, Linn. (fig. 453). Memlock.—An erect, branching 
annual or biennial, 3 to 5 feet high or sometimes more, usually glabrous, 
and emitting a nauseous smell when bruised. Leaves large and much 
divided into numerous small ovate or lanceolate deeply cut segments ; 
the upper leaves gradually smaller and less divided. Umbels terminal, 
not large for the size of the plant, of 10 to 15 rays. Bracts short and 
lanceolate; those of the generalsinvolucre variable in number ; those of 
the partial ones almost always 3, turned to the outside of the umbel. 
Fruit about 2 lines long. 
On the banks of streams, along hedges, and the borders of fields, &c., 
widely spread over Europe and temperate Asia, though not always 
common. Generally distributed over Britain. Fl. swmmer. 
—_—— 
XXXIV. PHYSOSPERMUM. PHYSOSPERM. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with general and partial in- 
volucres. Flowers white. Fruit 2-lobed, the carpels nearly globular, 
and attached by a narrow edge, each with 5 scarcely visible rays, and 
single vittas to the interstices. Albumen with a longitudinal furrow 
on the inner face. 
A genus of very few species, from Europe and temperate Asia. 
1, P. cornubiense, DC. (fig. 454). Cornish P.—Stock perennial. 
