Cornus.] XXXVIII. CORNACER. | 205 
round the summit of the ovary. Petals 4, valvate inthe bud. Stamens 
4, alternating with the petals. Style simple. Ovary 2-celled, with a 
single pendulous ovule in each cell. Fruit a berry-like drupe ; the stone 
1- or 2-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. Seeds with a fleshy albumen’ 
and a rather long embryo. 
A genus not numerous in species, but extending over the temperate 
and colder regions of the northern hemisphere, both in the New and 
the Old World. It was formerly included in Caprifoliacew, from which 
it differs chiefly in the distinct petals, valvate in the bud. 
Low herb. Umbel surrounded by 4 petal-like bracts ; i s” 1. -Crsugeea: 
Shrub. Flowers in a corymb, without bracts. . : ; . 2. C. sanguined. 
Some other shrubby species of Cornus are Pied planted in our shrub- 
beries, especially C. alba, alternifolia, and florida, from North America, 
and C. mas from southern Europe. 
1. C. suecica, Linn. (fig. 459). Dwarf Cornel.—Unlike as this little 
herb is to C. sanguinea, its generic affinity may be traced through the 
exotic C. forida. It has a slender, creeping perennial rootstock, with 
annual stems, barely 6 inches high, and usually simple. Leaves sessile, 
ovate, entire, seldom above an inch long, with 5 or sometimes 7 longi- 
tudinal nerves, and sprinkled with a few very minute, closely-appressed 
hairs. Flowers very small, in a little terminal umbel, surrounded by 4 
large, broad, petal-like, white bracts, so as to give the whole umbel the 
appearance of a single flower with 4 petals. The real petals are very 
minute, of a dark purple. Drupes small and red, resembling berries. 
In mountain moors of Northern regions, extending into the Arctic 
Circle nearly all round the globe. Abundant in Scandinavia, and de- 
scending southward to northern Germany. Not uncommon in the 
Scotch mountains, reappearing in north-eastern England, but not in 
Ireland. Fl. summer, rather late. 
2. C. sanguinea, Linn. (fig. 460). Dogwood.—An erect shrub,.of 5 
or 6 feet. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, and stalked; when young, 
hoary or silky, with closely appressed hairs; but when full grown, green 
and nearly glabrous. Flowers numerous, forming terminal cymes of 14 
to 2 inches in diameter, without bracts; the calyx and peduncles 
covered with a mealy down. Petals of a dull white, lanceolate, nearly 
3 lines long. Drupes globular, almost black and very bitter. 
In hedges and thickets, in temperate Europe and Russian Asia, ex- 
tending northwards into southern Scandinavia. Abundant in southern 
England, becoming scarce in the north; not wild in Scotland, and only 
in a very few localities in Ireland. FU. early summer. 
XXXIX. CAPRIFOLIACEA. THE HONEYSUCKLE 
FAMILY. 
Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with opposite leaves, and no stipules. 
Flowers usually in terminal heads, corymbs, or panicles, more 
rarely axillary. Calyx combined with the ovary, with an entire 
or toothed border, sometimes scarcely prominent. Corolla 
monopetalous, 5- or rarely 4-lobed, regular or somewhat irre- 
gular, with the-lobes overlapping each other in the bud. 
