Valerian. ] XLI. VALERIANEA. 217 
and 5 short lobes. Stamens 3. Fruit small, 1-seeded, crowned with the 
pappus. 
A large genus, with the geographical range of the family, but most 
abundant in mountain regions, where some species ascend to great 
elevations. 
Lower leaves undivided. 
Stem 6 to 8 inches high. Radical leaves and segments of the 
upper ones entire ; . 1. V. dioica, — 
Stem 2 to 4 feet. Leaves large, br oadly cordate, and toothed 3. V. pyrenaicd. 
All the leaves pinnately divided, with several pairs ofsegments . 2. V. officinalis. 
1. V. dioica, Linn. (fig. 485). Marsh V.—Rootstock emitting creep- 
ing running and erect flowering stems, 6 to 8 inches high. Radical 
leaves and those of the runners on long stalks, ovate, entire, 4 to 1 inch 
long ; stem-leaves few, mostly pinnate, with one oval or oblong ter- 
minal segment and several pairs of smaller and narrow ones, all entire. 
Flowers very variable in size, and in the size of the stamens, of a pale 
rose-colour, in terminal corymbs, aoe unisexual ; the tube of the 
corolla short. 
A marsh plant, spread over a on part of Europe and eastward to 
the Himalaya, but most common in the west; extending northward 
into southern Scandinavia. In most English counties and in a few 
of the southern Scotch ones, but not recorded from Ireland. Fl. early 
summer. 
2. V. officinalis, Linn. (fig. 486). Common V., All-heal.—Rootstock 
short and thick, with creeping runners, and 1 or rarely more erect 
stems, 2 to 3 or even 4 feet high, nearly simple, and more or less hairy 
at the base. Leaves pinnate, with from 9 to 21, or even more lanceo- 
late segments, 1 to 2 or even 3 inches long, and much varying in breadth, 
marked with a few coarse teeth, and more or less sprinkled with hairs 
underneath ; the upper leaves few and distant. Flowers small, white 
or tinged with pink, in broad terminal corymbs. 
In moist situations, sides of ditches and streams, and damp woods, 
extending over the whole of Europe and Russian Asia to the Arctic 
Circle, becoming a mountain plant in the south. Common in Britain. 
Fl. summer. A variety with fewer and broader segments to the leaves 
has been distinguished under the name of V. sambucifolia, Mikan. 
3. V. pyrenaica, Linn. (fig. 487). Pyrenean V.—A taller plant 
even than V. officinalis, and much coarser; the leaves broadly heart- 
shaped, coarsely toothed, often 5 or 6 inches long and broad, with 
more prominent veins than in most Valerians, the lower ones undivided, 
the upper ones, in addition to the large terminal segment, have 1 or 
sometimes 2 pairs of smaller ones on the short footstalk, Flowers like 
those of V. officinalis, in large, flat terminal corymbs. 
A Pyrenean species, which, having escaped from cultivation, is now 
well-established in woods and plantations in some parts of central and 
southern Scotland and western England. J. summer. 
II]. VALERIANELLA. CORNSALAD. 
FEDIA, Linn. 
Low annuals, with forked branches, narrow, entire or scarcely toothed 
Jeaves, and very small white or pale-blue flowers, in little compact 
