220 THE TEASEL FAMILY. | Dipsacus. 
A very small European and north Asiatic genus. 
Heads of flowers ovoid or cylindrical, very prickly . : . Ll. D. sylvestris. 
Heads of flowers globular, very hairy, and slightly prickly ; . 2. D. pilosus. 
1. D. sylvestris, Linn. (fig. 492). Wild 7.—A stout biennial, 4 or 5 
feet high, with numerous prickles on the stems, the midribs of the 
leaves, the peduncles, and involucres. Leaves sessile, long and lanceo- 
late, entire or coarsely toothed, the upper ones broadly connate at the 
base. Heads of flowers at first ovoid, but gradually becoming cylin- 
drical, near 3 inches long and above 14% inches in diameter. Involucre 
of 8 to 12 long but very unequal, stiff, linear, prickly bracts, usually 
curved upward. Scales of the receptacle broad and hairy at the base, 
ending in a fine prickly point, rather longer than the florets. Flowers 
pale lilac. 
- On roadsides and waste places, in central and southern Europe, and 
all across Russian Asia, not extending northward beyond Germany. 
Common in the southern counties of England, more rare in the north, 
and in Scotland, and a doubtful native of Ireland. J. late in summer, 
or autumn. The fullers’ Teasel (D. fullonum) is believed to be a culti- 
vated variety of this plant, only differing in the scales of the receptacle 
being hooked at the extremity. 
2. D. pilosus, Linn. (fig. 493). Smali 7’..—A branching biennial, 2 to 
4 feet high, covered with stiff spreading hairs or bristles, which rarely 
amount to weak prickles. Leaves with 1 large, ovate, pointed, and 
coarsely toothed terminal segment, and 1 or 2 pairs of smaller ones on 
the short leafstalk. Flowers white, forming globular, hispid heads, 
barely an inch in diameter, on long peduncles. Bracts of the involucre 
seldom longer than the florets, and passing gradually into the scales 
of the receptacle, which are ovate, ending in a fine stiff point, about as 
long as the florets. 
In rather moist hedges, thickets, and on banks, in central and southern 
Europe to the Caucasus, extending northwards to southern Sweden. 
Occurs in most of the southern and central counties of England, as far 
north as York, but not in Ireland or Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn. 
II. SCABIOSA. SCABIOUS. 
Herbs, either annual or with a perennial stock, becoming shrubby in 
some exotic species, without prickles. Heads of flowers hemispherical 
or globular, with an involucre of small, green, not prickly bracts. 
Involucels various. Corolla 4- or 5-lobed, often oblique. -Ovary and 
fruit crowned by the little cup-shaped calycine border, with 4, 5, or 
more teeth or bristles. 
This, the prin¢ipal genus of the family, belongs chiefly to the Mediter- 
ranean region, a few species extending over the rest of Europe and 
temperate Asia. Although not very numerous in species, it has been 
broken up into 4, 5, or 6 genera, the three British species being referred 
severally to Succtsa, Scabiosa, and Trichera or Knautia. 
Leaves entire or nearly so. Florets 4-lobed, the outer ones ; 
scarcely larger than the others . . 1. S&S. succisa. 
Leaves toothed or divided. Outer florets of each head usually 
much larger and more oblique. 
