"ed THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 
24 Ray purple or blue . " : ; : : : " 
Ray yellow 
Involucral bracts and florets of the ray not numerous, oblong-linear 2. ASTER. 
254 Involucral bracts and florets of the ray very numerous and narrow. 
3. ERIGERON. 
9 { Involucral bracts linear, equal in length, or with a few very small outer ones 27 
Involucral bracts imbricated in 2 or more rows ; 29 
Radical leaves large, broadly heart-shaped or orbicular, distinct from the flower- 
27 ing stem. . Florets of the ray narrow and very numerous . 19. TUSSILAGO. 
Radical leaves none, or at the base of the one stem. Florets of the ray 
linear or oblong . ; ; ; ; . 28 
28 Achenes of the ray without any pappus ; , 21. Doronicum. 
Achenes of the ray with a pappus like those of the disk . ; 20. SENECIO. 
Florets of the ray not more than 10 or 12, Anthers without tails 4. SoLmpDaGo. 
9 Florets of the ray very numerous, or at any rate above 20. Anthers with minute 
fine points or tails at their base . : as a : 2) eee <p 
CYNAROIDEA. 
Bracts of the involucre entire, obtuse or pointed but not prickly . - 31 
30 Specs of the involucre ending in a long, stiff point, hooked at the extr emity. 
22, ARCTIUM. 
Bracts of the involucre prickly, or ending in a fringed or toothed aDPengeee a 
3, { Hairs of the pappus simple . : ; : f : 
Hairs of the pappus featherv . : : 5 : : : : : 4 
Receptacle chaffy . ; ; ‘ : : : . | 23, SERRAT ULA. 
Receptacle naked . : . 3 . 19, TussILaGco. 
Leaves entire or coarsely toothed, not prickly : . 24, SAUSSUREA. 
Leaves either prickly or bordered with minute stiff bristles 25. CARDUUS. 
Bracts of the involucre ending in a simple point or prickle P : . 35 
| Binet of the involucre ending in a fringed or toothed appendage, or in several 
points or prickles, or in a prickle branched at the base . 36 
( Receptacle bearing long chaffy bristles between the florets ; 25. CaRDUts. 
35 | Receptacle honeycombed, with jagged edges to the cavities, but not bristly. 
26. ONOPORDON, 
32 
34 
Late bracts of the involucre long, linear, shining and spreading, outer ones 
very prickly, Achenes silky . : : 27. CARLINA. 
Bracts of the involucre toothed or jagged, not prickly : . 28. CENTAUREA. 
Bracts of the involucre prickly. Achenes giebrons : ! : : ae 
37 | Pappus of long, simple or feathery hairs. : : p 55. CARDUUS. 
Pappus of short, simple bristles or none . é ; : . 28, CENTAUREA. 
LIGULATA, 
38 Achenes bearing a pappus of numerous long hairs. : : : - 39 
Achenes without a pappus, or crowned by a few short scales : ‘ : sy! 
39 { Pappus with some or most of the hairs feathery ; : : : : . 40 
Pappus with all the hairs simple . : 5 . 44 
40 Involucre (very long) with all the br acts of ‘equal length : : £9, ‘TRAGOPOGON, 
TInvolucre with outer bracts much smaller, or different from the inner ones . 41 
( External bracts of the involucre 4 or 5, broadly ovate or heart-shaped. 
30. HELMINTHIA. 
( External bracts of the involucre small and unequal . : : . 42 
ik Receptacle bearing some long chaffy scales between the florets. 
41- 
49 33. HypocHa@RIS. 
{ Receptacle naked . 43 
Stem leafy, branched, several-flower ed, with clinging, hooked hairs. ‘Achenes 
43 witbouta beak . ~~ Si. PIGRIE. 
Stem almost leafless, simple or slightly branched, with 1 or very few flower- 
_ heads. Achenes usually tapering into a short beak 2 . 32. LEONTODON. 
Achenes more or less flattened. Leaves glabrous, often hes ror | on 
44 the edges or midrib. - 45 
Achenes cylindrical or angular, Leaves glabrous, hairy, or downy. : . AT 
45 Achenes tapering into a slender beak bearing the pappus . : ; . 46 
Pappus sessile or not supported on a distinct, slender beak  . 35. Soncuus. 
46 Peduncles radical, with a single flower-head . -S6: TARAXACUM. 
Flowering stems erect, leafy, bearing several flower-heads H 34, LActTuca. 
