Gnaphalium. | XLII. COMPOSITA. 231 
A large genus, generally spread over nearly the whole globe from the 
tropics to the Arctic Circle. 
Perennial. Flower-heads in oblong or elongated leafy spikes. 
Achenes not flattened. . 2. G4. sylwatiown. 
Dwarf perennial. Flower -heads terminal, solitary or ver y few. 
Achenes flattened 
G. supinuin. 
Annual or biennial. Flower- heads irregularly clustered. in a 
go 
terminal corymb. Achenes not flattened : 1. G. luteo-albwiie. 
Annual. Flower-heads small and clustered w ithin a tuft of 
leaves longer than the heads. ‘ 4 - , 4, G. uliginosuin. 
The other species included in hasihest oe tain in the Doe editions will 
now be found under Filago and Antennaria. Most of the composite 
Everlastings of our ardens belong to the allied genus Helichrysum, of 
which no species are British. 
1. G. luteo-album, Linn. (fig. 508). Jersey C.—An annual or biennial, 
scarcely a foot high, the stems erect or ascending and all covered with 
soft white cotton. Leaves narrow. Flower-heads 2 to 3 lines in 
diameter, irregularly clustered in a dense corymb. Involucral scales 
scarious at the top, of a pale brown, yellow, or dirty white colour, but 
not spreading. Florets very numerous, mostly female and filiform, 
with a few tubular male or complete ones in the centre. 
In sandy fields, pastures, and waste places, dispersed nearly all over 
the temperate and warmer regions of the globe, extending in Europe 
to the Baltic, but not beyond. In the British Isles, appearing now and 
then in the eastern counties and Channel Islands. Fi. summer and. 
autumn. 
2. G. sylvaticum, Linn. (fig. 509). Wood C.—Stock perennial, 
tufted or shortly creeping, with long-stalked lanceolate leaves. Flower- 
ing stems nearly simple, erect, from 2 to 6 or 8 inches high, with linear 
leaves, usually cottony on the under side only, but sometimes on both 
sides. Flower-heads small, cylindrical, or ovoid, either solitary or in 
little clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, forming a long, leafy 
spike. Involucres scarcely cottony, with brown, shining bracts; the 
outer filiform florets more numerous than the inner tubular ones. 
Achenes slender, nearly cylindrical. 
In open woods, heaths, and pastures, in northern and central Europe 
and Russian Asia, and all round the Arctic Circle ; becoming a moun- 
tain plant in the south, and scarcely reaching the Mediterranean. 
Extends over the whole of Britain. Fl. summer and autumn, A high 
alpine or Arctic variety, with the leaves cottony on both sides, and the 
flower-heads darker coloured, in a short terminal spike, has been dis- 
tinguished as G. norvegicwm, Gunner., and has been found in Perth, 
Forfar, and Aberdeen. 
3. G. supinum, Linn. (fig. 510). Dwarf C.—A small, tufted peren- 
nial, with narrow leaves, sometimes resembling dwarf specimens of G. 
sylvaticum, but the stem seldom 2 inches high, bearing only very few 
flower-heads in a terminal cluster, or only a single one ; and sometimes 
the flower-heads are almost sessile in the centre of the radical leaves. 
Involucres brown, like those of G. sylvaticum, but the filiform florets 
are much fewer. and the achenes broader and evidently flattened. 
An Arctic and high alpine plant, extending over the mountain ranges 
of Europe and western Asia to the Arctic Circle. Not uncommon in 
the Scotch Highlands, absent from England and Ireland. FU. summer. 
